Experimental investigation of elemental and isotopic evaporation processes by laser heating in an aerodynamic levitation furnace

Badro, James; Sossi, Paolo A.; Deng, Zhengbin; Borensztajn, Stéphan; Wehr, Nicolas; Ryerson, Frederick J.

doi:10.5802/crgeos.56

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As noted previously by Badro et al (2021), the value for S of ∼ 0.75 has been found in most previous laser-heating aerodynamic levitation experiments in which isotope fractionation was measured, suggesting that it is the aerodynamics of the gas flow over the spheres that controls saturation. Our model explains all of these previous data for Mg, Si, Fe, and Cu isotope fractionation (Ni et al, 2021;Badro et al, 2021), some of which (Cu) were collected using the same apparatus as that used in this study. The data for Zn isotopes (Wimpenny et al, 2019) are complicated by partitioning of Zn into separate phases during the evaporation process.…”

Section: Application Of the Model To Experimentssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…We examined Fe and Mg as representatives of the more volatile major elements and the more refractory major elements, respectively. Studies of the isotopic effects of evaporation under similar conditions using laser-heating aerodynamic levitation have been reported by Wimpenny et al (2019), Ni et al (2021), and Badro et al (2021). We show with a mathematical model that these results can be explained by the primary control that the velocity of the gas has on the evaporation process.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…For an ambient gas pressure of 0.333 bar, we obtain V d = 43.3 m/s under the same conditions. This gas velocity is greater than that previously estimated by Badro et al (2021) for broadly similar experimental conditions by a factor of ∼ 4. The reason is that we use the drag coefficient suitable for a no-shear boundary rather than that for a no-slip boundary.…”

Section: Model For Evaporation Of a Sphere In Flowing Gascontrasting

confidence: 57%

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Isotope velocimetry: Experimental and theoretical demonstration of the potential importance of gas flow for isotope fractionation during evaporation of protoplanetary material

Young,

Macris,

Tang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We use new experiments and a theoretical analysis of the results to show that the isotopic fractionation associated with laser-heating aerodynamic levitation experiments is consistent with the velocity of flowing gas as the primary control on the fractionation. The new Fe and Mg isotope data are well explained where the gas is treated as a low-viscosity fluid that flows around the molten spheres with high Reynolds numbers and minimal drag. A relationship between the ratio of headwind velocity to thermal velocity and saturation is obtained on the basis of this analysis. The recognition that it is the ratio of flow velocity to thermal velocity that controls fractionation allows for extrapolation to other environments in which molten rock encounters gas with appreciable headwinds. In this way, in some circumstances, the degree of isotope fractionation attending evaporation is as much a velocimeter as it is a barometer.

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Section: Application Of the Model To Experimentssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Model For Evaporation Of a Sphere In Flowing Gascontrasting

confidence: 57%

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Isotope velocimetry: Experimental and theoretical demonstration of the potential importance of gas flow for isotope fractionation during evaporation of protoplanetary material

Young,

Macris,

Tang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Although quantitative estimations of the tendency of simple oxides toward thermal vaporization are available in the literature, [48][49][50] they are difficult to apply to TA B L E 3 Key melt parameters for samples LB2 and NP: Melting temperatures 96,101,102 T m , approximate viscosity 103,63 multicomponent systems. Moreover, numerous studies analyzed high-temperature evaporation in melts of geological relevance, [90][91][92] but no overarching understanding of these processes has been offered yet, especially in the case of exotic compositions. Here, the empirical parameters r evap and Δ evap have been shown to predict with satisfactory reliability the risk of compositional drifts during ADL synthesis, empirically identifying the most sensitive component(s) with an alternative method to the consultation of high-temperature vaporization rates of simple oxides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key melt properties for controlled synthesis of glass beads by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating

Baborák

Yembele

Vařák

et al. 2023

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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Binary alkali silicate glasses were synthesized as beads by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating to test the applicability of the method to this compositional range. While bubble-free lithium disilicate beads could be easily obtained, sodium and potassium silicates proved more challenging to melt without significant alkali evaporation: the final samples contained bubbles and exhibited compositional drifts compared to the starting stoichiometry, especially at high SiO 2 content. The risk of volatilization from the melts was evaluated empirically: the volatility of each oxide component scaled to the ratio between its melting temperature T m and the T m of the target composition (r evap ), while the difference between such ratios (Δ evap ) provided a qualitative estimation of the risk of differential evaporation. The formulated approach enables to evaluate the suitability of aerodynamic levitation synthesis for a given target glass composition: while low melting temperature and low liquidus viscosity (η < 10 0 Pa s) represent the primary optimal conditions, more viscous materials can still be prepared without major compositional drifts using a more careful melting procedure, especially if r evap and Δ evap are minimized.

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“…However, initially Si was lost faster than Mg, and δ 29 Sinorm was larger than δ 25 Mgnorm. (e.g., Richter et al, 2002Richter et al, , 2007Mendybaev et al, 2021;Badro et al, 2021). The δ 44 Canorm did not show any systematic variation because Ca was not evaporated when the Si and Mg remained in the silicate melt (Richter et al 2007;Mendybaev et al 2013Mendybaev et al , 2021Ivanova et al 2021).…”

Section: Isotopic Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental determination of Si, Mg, and Ca isotope fractionation during enstatite melt evaporation

Lu,

Weber,

Zhang

et al. 2024

American Mineralogist

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Evaporation of silicate materials from Earth or its precursors may be important in shaping their primordial compositions represented by undifferentiated meteorites, e.g., enstatite chondrites; however, the conditions under which evaporation occurs and the extent of evaporation-induced elemental and isotope fractionation remain uncertain.Here, we experimentally determine the volatility and isotope fractionation of Si, Mg, Ca, Nb, and Ta during enstatite melt evaporation at 2423−2623 K using a High-temperature Conical Nozzle Levitator. Homogenous glasses are recovered after experiments, then we use EPMA and LA-ICP-MS to measure the elemental compositions, MC-ICP-MS to measure the Si and Mg isotopes, and TIMS to measure the Ca isotopes. Our results show that the evaporation rates of Si are larger than Mg and the mean vapor/melt isotope fractionation factors (α=Rvapor/Rmelt; R=isotope ratio) are 0.99585±0.00002 for 29 Si/ 28 Si and 0.98942±0.00130 for 25 Mg/ 24 Mg. However, neither evaporative loss of Ca, Nb, and Ta nor Ca isotope fractionation was observed within analytical errors. In conjunction with previous studies, we find that in an evaporation experiment the saturation degree (partial vapor pressure/equilibrium vapor pressure) of Si (SSi) is larger than SMg when Si is more volatile than Mg, and vice versa. If the Mg/Ca and Si/Ca ratios and isotopes in the bulk silicate Earth are attributed to the evaporation of enstatite chondrite-like precursors, evaporation temperatures > 5000 K and SSi < SMg are required.

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Experimental investigation of elemental and isotopic evaporation processes by laser heating in an aerodynamic levitation furnace

Abstract: Experimental investigation of elemental and isotopic evaporation processes by laser heating in an aerodynamic levitation furnace

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Isotope velocimetry: Experimental and theoretical demonstration of the potential importance of gas flow for isotope fractionation during evaporation of protoplanetary material

Isotope velocimetry: Experimental and theoretical demonstration of the potential importance of gas flow for isotope fractionation during evaporation of protoplanetary material

Key melt properties for controlled synthesis of glass beads by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating

Experimental determination of Si, Mg, and Ca isotope fractionation during enstatite melt evaporation

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