Experimental Investigation of Cavitation in Gasoline Injectors

Kolokotronis, Dimitrios; Hardalupas, Y.; Taylor, A. M. K. P.; Aleiferis, P.G.; Arioka, Akira; Saitô, Makoto

doi:10.4271/2010-01-1500

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…in charging time of the battery, charging stations, safety issues, cruising range, distance traveled per charging, and maintenance problem of EV is importantly unveiled (Kuhe & Aliyu 2017;Kattela et al 2018;Ravikumar et al (2018a,b); Zhen et al 2019). Therefore, the invention and utilization of renewable energy have a good perspective on vehicles (Gao et al 2007;Yang et al 2009;Kolokotronis et al 2010;Dernotte et al 2010;Potter et al 2012;Anand et al 2012). The A-B-E fermentation (Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol) technology to produce n-butanol from lignocellulose materials is noticed that the cheap and costeffective processing to overcome the high substrate cost problem.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Dual Spark Plug Ignition Engine Fueled With n-Butanol as Additive Fuel

Ramegouda

Joseph

2020

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Renewable energy called normal-butanol is a possible alternative fuel for automobile vehicles like some other possible fuel such as compressed natural gas (CNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), ethanol, and methanol. Bio-butanol or normal-butanol is also a meritable energy source to substitute for regular fossil fuels. The normal-butanol has recently started to use as a possible substitute fuel to regular fuels for internal combustion engines to attain eco-friendly and capital benefits. As compared to regular energy sources in internal combustion engines, normal-butanol has some benefits, so it shows the potential to decrease tailpipe emission andan increase in positive network delivery. The current work carried out to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of dual spark plug ignition engine fuelled with normal-butanol as additive fuel by adopting 10:1 and 10.5:1compression ratios. The experimental results reveal that when compared between 10:1 and 10.5:1 compression ratios, brake power (BP) is increased by 3.5% and 3.2% for normal-Butanol 35 (nB35) blend and energy efficiency increased by 2.72% and 2.14% for nB35 blend at a part and full load for 10.5:1 compression ratio. The n-butanol create a greater impact on tailpipe emissions that the carbon monoxide (CO) decreased by 32%, 29%, and hydrocarbon (HC) reduced by 2.38% and 2.22% for nB35 blend at a part and full load condition respectively. The experimental results on dual spark ignition engine using n-butanol as additive fuel by varying compression ratioreveals that n-butanol can be a suitable replacement energy source for the automobile sector in the nearest future.

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Dual Spark Plug Ignition Engine Fueled With n-Butanol as Additive Fuel

Ramegouda

Joseph

2020

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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“…27 In this context, it is also clear that in-nozzle phase change can alter to the spray characteristics for all fuels and, although one of the main drivers of cavitation is the fluid's vapour pressure, the liquid viscosity can counteract certain phenomena through damping effects of turbulent eddies inside the nozzle, since these are typical sources of local low-pressure regions that can give rise to cavitation. 27,47,48 Single-and triple-injection strategies -effects on spark discharge…”

Section: Single-injection Strategy -Alcohol Fuellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental database on the effects of single- and split injection strategies on spray formation and spark discharge in an optical direct-injection spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline, iso-octane and alcohols

Serras-Pereira

Aleiferis

Richardson

2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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This paper presents results from a comprehensive optical study of a direct-injection spark-ignition research engine running on gasoline, iso-octane, ethanol, n-butanol and E10 fuels injected from a multi-hole injector located centrally in the combustion chamber. The analysis was based on images of spray development, spark discharge and combustion to understand the effect of injection strategy early and late in the cycle on in-cylinder phenomena. Specifically, 'single' injection strategies at different timings from early to late intake stroke, as well as multiple 'split' injection events with triple pulses in the early intake stroke or double pulses in the intake stroke and late compression stroke were investigated. The engine was run at 1500 RPM at part and full-load conditions (0.5 bar and 1.0 bar inlet plenum pressure, respectively). Engine coolant temperatures of 20-90 °C were employed to understand how the fuel's volatility was related to the phenomena observed. The sprays were imaged for a series of cycles primarily by Laser-sheet illumination on one vertical and two horizontal planes to identify three-dimensional aspects of the spray's development and its interactions with the incoming flow, valves, piston and liner. There was a clear trade-off between the earliest single injection timings in the intake stroke that reduced valve interactions but increased piston impingement and the latest single injection timings towards the end of the intake stroke which reduced piston impingement but increased valve interactions and resulted in less time for fuel evaporation and mixing before ignition timing. The triple injection strategy eliminated effects related to impingement. The spark discharge was also imaged for a series of cycles with all injection strategies and clear differences were observed. Selective combustion imaging provided insights into the flame's growth and motion with early and double early-late split injection strategies. The double early-late injection strategy demonstrated the potential for control of the mixture formation and flow field over the early flame development stage of combustion.3

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“…Nevertheless, an illustration of the in-nozzle level of turbulence and coherent secondary-flow patterns is crucial for the evaluation of the device performance, since LES have highlighted their strong independence with cavitation and, consequently spray evolution (Ghiji et al 2017;Blume et al 2019;Koukouvinis et al 2020). It has to be noted that micro-PIV techniques which are, in principle, suitable for the flow-field illustration in microfluidics devices have scarcely been applied to optical injectors (Chaves et al 2010;Kolokotronis et al 2010;Hayashi et al 2012;Mamaikin et al 2020). Intrinsic technical difficulties associated with the achievement of a thin laser sheet compared to the injector dimensions have led to the adoption of diffused backlight illumination instead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined visualisation of cavitation and vortical structures in a real-size optical diesel injector

et al. 2020

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A high-speed flow visualisation set-up comprising of combined diffuse backlight illumination (DBI) and schlieren imaging has been developed to illustrate the highly transient, two-phase flow arising in a real-size optical fuel injector. The different illumination nature of the two techniques, diffuse and parallel light respectively, allows for the capturing of refractive-index gradients due to the presence of both interfaces and density gradients within the orifice. Hence, the onset of cavitation and secondary-flow motion within the sac and injector hole can be concurrently visualised. Experiments were conducted utilising a diesel injector fitted with a single-hole transparent tip (ECN spray D) at injection pressures of 700–900 bar and ambient pressures in the range of 1–20 bar. High-speed DBI images obtained at 100,000 fps revealed that the orifice, due to its tapered layout, is mildly cavitating with relatively constant cavity sheets arising mainly in regions of manufacturing imperfections. Nevertheless, schlieren images obtained at the same frame rate demonstrated that a multitude of vortices with short lifetimes arise at different scales in the sac and nozzle regions during the entire duration of the injection cycle but the vortices do not necessarily result in phase change. The magnitude and exact location of coherent vortical structures have a measurable influence on the dynamics of the spray emerging downstream the injector outlet, leading to distinct differences in the variation of its cone angle depending on the injection and ambient pressures examined. Graphic abstract

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Experimental Investigation of Cavitation in Gasoline Injectors

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Dual Spark Plug Ignition Engine Fueled With n-Butanol as Additive Fuel

Effect of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Dual Spark Plug Ignition Engine Fueled With n-Butanol as Additive Fuel

An experimental database on the effects of single- and split injection strategies on spray formation and spark discharge in an optical direct-injection spark-ignition engine fuelled with gasoline, iso-octane and alcohols

Combined visualisation of cavitation and vortical structures in a real-size optical diesel injector

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