Experimental investigation of catalytic cracking of rice husk tar for hydrogen production

Khonde, Ruta D.; Nanda, Jeetendra; Chaurasia, Ashish

doi:10.1007/s10163-017-0695-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…There is an increase in the H 2 and CO 2 content while the CO content decreased with an increase in the S/C ratio from 2.5 to 10. This could be attributed to the fact that an increase in the S/C ratio increases the steam partial pressure which shifts the water gas shift reaction towards hydrogen formation [24]. Therefore, the H 2 and CO 2 contents increased from 25% to 31% and from 8.5% to 11.5%, respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of the Steam-to-carbon (S/c) Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the cost of these catalysts is relatively higher compared to dolomites, their activity is 8-10 times higher under similar operating conditions [18,20]. The ideal catalytic steam reforming conditions were found to be between 650 • C and 800 • C for supported nickel catalysts; however, the optimum temperature might depend on the support media [21][22][23][24]. Operating in the upper end of the temperature range (near 800 • C) promotes greater activity and a longer lifetime for the nickel catalyst and operating at the lower end (around 650 • C) can lead to producing syngas rich in methane [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal catalytic steam reforming conditions were found to be between 650 • C and 800 • C for supported nickel catalysts; however, the optimum temperature might depend on the support media [21][22][23][24]. Operating in the upper end of the temperature range (near 800 • C) promotes greater activity and a longer lifetime for the nickel catalyst and operating at the lower end (around 650 • C) can lead to producing syngas rich in methane [24]. It was also observed that the commercial nickel-based catalysts synthesized for heavy hydrocarbon steam reforming are more suitable and active for tar reforming compared to those tailored for light hydrocarbons [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Hot Gas Cleanup of Biomass Gasification Producer Gas via Steam Reforming Using Nickel-Supported Clay Minerals

et al. 2021

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Amongst the issues associated with the commercialization of biomass gasification, the presence of tars has been one of the most difficult aspects to address. Tars are an impurity generated from the gasifier and upon their condensation cause problems in downstream equipment including plugging, blockages, corrosion, and major catalyst deactivation. These problems lead to losses of efficiency as well as potential maintenance issues resulting from damaged processing units. Therefore, the removal of tars is necessary in order for the effective operation of a biomass gasification facility for the production of high-value fuel gas. The catalytic activity of montmorillonite and montmorillonite-supported nickel as tar removal catalysts will be investigated in this study. Ni-montmorillonite catalyst was prepared, characterized, and tested in a laboratory-scale reactor for its efficiency in reforming tars using naphthalene as a tar model compound. Efficacy of montmorillonite-supported nickel catalyst was tested as a function of nickel content, reaction temperature, steam-to-carbon ratio, and naphthalene loading. The results demonstrate that montmorillonite is catalytically active in removing naphthalene. Ni-montmorillonite had high activity towards naphthalene removal via steam reforming, with removal efficiencies greater than 99%. The activation energy was calculated for Ni-montmorillonite assuming first-order kinetics and was found to be 84.5 kJ/mole in accordance with the literature. Long-term activity tests were also conducted and showed that the catalyst was active with naphthalene removal efficiencies greater than 95% maintained over a 97-h test period. A little loss of activity was observed with a removal decrease from 97% to 95%. To investigate the decrease in catalytic activity, characterization of fresh and used catalyst samples was performed using thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface area analysis. The loss in activity was attributed to a decrease in catalyst surface area caused by nickel sintering and coke formation.

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Section: Effect Of the Steam-to-carbon (S/c) Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Hot Gas Cleanup of Biomass Gasification Producer Gas via Steam Reforming Using Nickel-Supported Clay Minerals

et al. 2021

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“…Meanwhile, inexpensive catalysts such as char and ash are also applicable to the pyrolysis-gasification process. Char can reduce tar production and increase carbon conversion efficiency (Shen et al, 2014a;Shen et al, 2015), the amount of the gas yielded, and CO and H2 contents in gas synthesis (Khonde et al, 2017). On the other hand, the use of rice husk ash with a high content of silica (SiO2) and a wide area of the mesoporous surface as a catalyst in the rice husk pyrolysis can reduce the value of activation energy (Loy et al, 2018) and increase the quality and yield of bio-oil (Rong et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Pellet using Its Ash as a Low-cost In-situ Catalyst

Wibowo

Cahyono

Rochmadi

et al. 2021

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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The thermogravimetric behaviors and the kinetic parameters of uncatalyzed and catalyzed pyrolysis processes of a mixture of powdered raw rice husk (RRH) and its ash (RHA) in the form of pellets were determined by thermogravimetric analysis at three different heating rates, i.e., 5, 10, and 20 K/min, from 303 to 873 K. This research aimed to prove that the rice husk ash has a catalytic effect on rice husk pyrolysis. To investigate the catalytic effect of RHA, rice husk pellets (RHP) with the weight ratio of RRH:ARH of 10:2 were used as the sample. Model-free methods, namely Friedman (FR), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), were used to calculate the apparent energy of activation ( ). The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the decomposition of RHP in a nitrogen atmosphere could be divided into three stages: drying stage (303-443 K), the rapid decomposition stage (443-703 K), and the slow decomposition stage (703-873 K). The weight loss percentages of each stage for both uncatalyzed and catalyzed pyrolysis of RHP were 2.4-5.7%, 35.5-59.4%, and 2.9-12.2%, respectively. Using the FR, FWO, and KAS methods, the values of for the degrees of conversion (a) of 0.1 to 0.65 were in the range of 168-256 kJ/mol for the uncatalyzed pyrolysis and 97-204 kJ/mol for the catalyzed one. We found that the catalyzed pyrolysis led the to have values lower than those got by the uncatalyzed one. This phenomenon might prove that RHA has a catalytic effect on RHP pyrolysis by lowering the energy of activation.

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Study on chemical kinetics and catalytic cracking of tar from gasification of rice straw using various catalysts

Gautam

Chaurasia

2021

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Experimental investigation of catalytic cracking of rice husk tar for hydrogen production

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Catalytic Hot Gas Cleanup of Biomass Gasification Producer Gas via Steam Reforming Using Nickel-Supported Clay Minerals

Catalytic Hot Gas Cleanup of Biomass Gasification Producer Gas via Steam Reforming Using Nickel-Supported Clay Minerals

Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Rice Husk Pellet using Its Ash as a Low-cost In-situ Catalyst

Study on chemical kinetics and catalytic cracking of tar from gasification of rice straw using various catalysts

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