Experimental investigation into the direct feeding of coupling agent, cellulose nanocrystals, and nano zinc oxide in high-density polyethylene

Vahidi, Ghazal; Bajwa, Dilpreet S.; Shojaeiarani, Jamileh; Stark, Nicole M.

doi:10.1016/j.jcomc.2022.100287

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Adding CuO and ZnO nanofillers into the WPE matrix makes it exhibit a rough surface and has more interfacial voids and micro‐fibrils. The surface WPE‐ Bi 2 O 3 ‐ZnO was rougher and had more irregular patterns than WPE‐ Bi 2 O 3 ‐CuO, proposing a more ductile and less rigid nature, as seen in Figure 4D,E 63 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene/Bi₂O₃ composites reinforced with CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable radiation shielding materials

Awad,

Raslan,

Abou‐Laila

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In the present research, waste polyethylene (WPE)/Bi2O3 composites have been investigated as lightweight, inexpensive, and nontoxic lead‐free γ‐ray shielding materials. Different WPE‐based composites were prepared with varying concentrations of Bi2O3 (30 and 40 phr). The effect of adding ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) inside the WPE/Bi2O3 (30) matrix was studied by incorporating 10 phr of NPs inside it. The nanocomposites' structural, thermal, and mechanical properties and competence in shielding against γ‐radiation are studied. The outcomes revealed that the mechanical properties of the pristine WPE were enhanced after incorporating Bi2O3 by 30 phr, and then it worsened after increasing the Bi2O3 ratio to 40 phr. In contrast, better mechanical properties were obtained for those composites with NPs, where the maximum tensile strength (16.2 MPa) was recorded for the WPE/Bi2O3/CuO composite (higher than WPE by 47.27%). Numbers of parameters like μm, HVL (half‐value layer), TVL (tenth value layer), RPE%, and percentage of heaviness can denote the efficiency of shielding properties of composites at 662 KeV from 137Cs point source. It was found that μm and RPE% reach the maximum value for WPE/Bi2O3 (40 phr). Adding NPs decreases μm of WPE/Bi2O3 (30) slightly.Highlights Composites based on waste polyethylene (WPE)/Bi2O3 (30 and 40 phr) were fabricated. Nano CuO and ZnO improved the mechanical properties of WPE/Bi2O3 (30). WPE/Bi2O3 (40) composites show the best shielding characteristics. Nano CuO and ZnO slightly decreased μm of WPE/Bi2O3 (30).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The surface WPE-Bi 2 O 3 -ZnO was rougher and had more irregular patterns than WPE-Bi 2 O 3 -CuO, proposing a more ductile and less rigid nature, as seen in Figure 4D,E. 63…”

Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene/Bi₂O₃ composites reinforced with CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable radiation shielding materials

Awad,

Raslan,

Abou‐Laila

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…When it comes to polyethylene-zinc oxide composites, the literature reports focus on either thermal or mechanical properties [ 40 ], increasing the homogeneity of the fillers’ dispersion [ 35 ], interactions between ZnO and polymer matrix [ 41 ], antimicrobial properties [ 42 ], and UV shielding [ 43 ], but comprehensive reports are missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Packaging for Plum Tomatoes Based on ZnO Modified Low-Density Polyethylene

Motelica,

Ficai,

Oprea

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Food safety and quality are major concerns in the food industry. Despite numerous studies, polyethylene remains one of the most used materials for packaging due to industry reluctance to invest in new technologies and equipment. Therefore, modifications to the current materials are easier to implement than adopting whole new solutions. Antibacterial activity can be induced in low-density polyethylene films only by adding antimicrobial agents. ZnO nanoparticles are well known for their strong antimicrobial activity, coupled with low toxicity and UV shielding capability. These characteristics recommend ZnO for the food industry. By incorporating such safe and dependable antimicrobial agents in the polyethylene matrix, we have obtained composite films able to inhibit microorganisms’ growth that can be used as packaging materials. Here we report the obtaining of highly homogenous composite films with up to 5% ZnO by a melt mixing process at 150 °C for 10 min. The composite films present good transparency in the visible domain, permitting consumers to visualize the food, but have good UV barrier properties. The composite films exhibit good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity from the lowest ZnO composition (1%), against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The homogenous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles into the polyethylene matrix was assessed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The optimal mechanical barrier properties were obtained for composition with 3% ZnO. The thermal analysis indicates that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles has increased thermal stability by more than 100 °C. The UV-Vis spectra indicate a low transmittance in the UV domain, lower than 5%, making the films suitable for blocking photo-oxidation processes. The obtained films proved to be efficient packaging films, successfully preserving plum (Rome) tomatoes for up to 14 days.

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“…33 Grafting copolymers previously have been proposed to improve the compatibility of polymer blends and therefore, to improve interfacial energy. 34 For example, grafting maleic anhydride onto high-density poly(ethylene) (HDPE) has improved the dispersibility of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and ZnO nanofillers, 35 as well as grafting of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) / poly(caprolactone) (PCL) / microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 36 or grafting of epoxidized rubber onto CNCs. 37 Following those ideas, one approach of this work is to modify the extracted CNC from SUP cups through grafting with a monomer which could have affinity to the PMMA/PU system such as methyl methacrylate (MMA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNCs extraction from single‐use cups: effects of grafting it onto MMA monomer

Juárez‐Méndez

Palma‐Ramírez

Brachetti-Sibaja

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: The difficulty of separating fiber from polyolefin coatings of single-use plastic (SUP) cups for cold (carbonated) or hot (coffee) drinks, has led us to investigate a recycling method to obtain new high-performance materials. The present work relates to valorization of ICEE S.A. de C.V. cups into crystalline nanocellulose (CNC), while studying the effects on the structural, thermal, morphological and particle size properties in dependence of the acid hydrolysis concentration (40 and 64% v/v) employing sulfuric acid to remove amorphous cellulose.RESULTS: On the basis of results, optimal CNC was found at 64% v/v concentration obtaining ribbon-like morphologies rich in cellulose types I⊍ (27%) and II (45.1%) of triclinic and monoclinic structures, respectively, high crystallinity percentage (91%) and nanosize scale (26.70 nm). CNC was successfully grafted through the C 2 in cellulose onto the methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer to obtain PMMA-g-CNC, considering different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30 wt%) of CNC. A reduction of crystallinity % was found when CNC is grafted onto MMA owing to the amorphous nature of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). However, this is not a limitation.CONCLUSIONS: PMMA-g-CNC samples displayed high thermal stability (345 °C) and nanometric scale (165-260 nm), which have potential to be studied as reinforcement agents for incompatible polymers such as PMMA and poly(urethane) (PU) through Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Preliminary mechanical studies indicated that PMMA-g-CNC systems are able to reinforce the tensile properties becoming the PMMA/PU into ductile materials. Specially, the MMA 90 CNC 10 system improved the strain four-fold compared to the pure PMMA/PU IPN.

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Experimental investigation into the direct feeding of coupling agent, cellulose nanocrystals, and nano zinc oxide in high-density polyethylene

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene/Bi₂O₃ composites reinforced with CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable radiation shielding materials

Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene/Bi₂O₃ composites reinforced with CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable radiation shielding materials

Antimicrobial Packaging for Plum Tomatoes Based on ZnO Modified Low-Density Polyethylene

CNCs extraction from single‐use cups: effects of grafting it onto MMA monomer

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Experimental investigation into the direct feeding of coupling agent, cellulose nanocrystals, and nano zinc oxide in high-density polyethylene

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene/Bi2O3 composites reinforced with CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable radiation shielding materials

Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene/Bi2O3 composites reinforced with CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable radiation shielding materials

Antimicrobial Packaging for Plum Tomatoes Based on ZnO Modified Low-Density Polyethylene

CNCs extraction from single‐use cups: effects of grafting it onto MMA monomer

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Product

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Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene/Bi₂O₃ composites reinforced with CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable radiation shielding materials

Synthesis and characterization of waste polyethylene/Bi₂O₃ composites reinforced with CuO/ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable radiation shielding materials