Experimental investigation and thermodynamic calculations of the Ag–Bi–Ga phase diagram

Abstract

a b s t r a c tPhase diagram of the AgeBieGa ternary system was investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods. Experimentally obtained results were compared with the results of thermodynamic prediction of phase equilibria based on calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) method. Phase transition temperatures of alloys with overall compositions along three selected vertical sections AgeBi 50 Ga 50 , BieAg 50 Ga 50 and GaeAg 50 Bi 50 were measured by DTA. Liquidus temperatures were experimentally determined and compared with the results of thermodynamic calculation. Identification of coexisting phases in samples equilibrated at 200 C was carried out using SEM-EDS and XRD methods. Obtained results were compared with the calculated isothermal section of the AgeBieGa ternary system at corresponding temperature. Calculated liquidus projection and invariant equilibria of the AgeBieGa ternary system were presented. The obtained values were found to be in a close agreement.

Modification in Bi-Ag Lead-Free Solder-Bearing Alloying Elements

“…The solder alloys are one of the basic technologies which used in the electronic packaging process. At present, The solder alloys have become indispensable in the production of electronic devices and that used in many fields, such as the automotive industry, aircraft, space satellite, oil/gas well explorations, automobile circuit boards, etc [1][2][3]. But due to the toxicity of lead, which greatest risk the environment and human health [4,5].…”