Experimental investigation and numerical modeling of carbonation process in reinforced concrete structures

Relation between carbonation resistance, mix design and exposure of mortar and concrete

“…Such an acceleration in transport due to carbonation is observed as well in the water permeability of pastes produced with blended cements [44]. Service life modelling in regard to carbonation has to take into account various parameters [45][46][47][48], including concrete quality. It is obvious from the results of this study, that compressive strength and w/c alone are inadequate to characterize the behavior of concrete containing mineral additions.…”

Numerical modeling of supercritical carbonation process in cement-based materials

“…Apart from the above experimental work, there were also some numerical investigations on natural carbonation. Saetta et al [10][11][12] proposed a mathematical model for natural carbonation that considered moisture and heat transfer, diffusion of carbon dioxide and rate of carbonation. Papadakis [13] developed a mathematical model for natural carbonation subject to a range of ambient relative humidity.…”

“…Hence, the commonly-used theoretical models of natural carbonation are no longer suitable for modeling supercritical carbonation. On the basis of Darcy's law, Henderson et al [15] proposed Cement and Concrete Research 72 (2015) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] a mathematical model for modeling and simulating supercritical fluid through porous media. Saski et al [16] developed a two phase flow mathematical model to analyze the flow of supercritical CO 2 injected into subsurface of rock masses, where Darcy's law and the equation of state for supercritical CO 2 were used.…”

Considerations about the service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures inserted in chloride environments

“…In existing structures, the determination of the same can be accomplished with a certain easiness through the knowledge of the chloride profile within a certain time t, where the k Cl value is easily found by application of Eq. (8).…”

“…The complex or phenomenological models are based on physicochemical laws, as the laws of conservation of mass of CO 2 and water and due to their complexity require numerical solutions. The formulations derived from these models are created based on knowledge and analysis of mechanisms and kinetics of degradation, especially in the Papadakis et al [7], Saetta and Vitaliani [8]. Other factors that differentiate the mathematical models are presented in Table 1, whose information was compiled from some literature works [9][10][11][12][13].…”