Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of the concrete carbonation problem

Papadakis, Vagelis G.; Vayenas, C.G.; Fardis, Michael N.

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(91)85060-b

Cited by 258 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, relative humidity, ambient CO 2 concentration 35,36 , and additives have been shown to affect carbonation rate coefficients 25 . The range of applicable conditions are estimated based on the previously referenced, region-specific studies and survey statistics 9,18 .…”

Section: Concrete Strength Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the concrete carbonation depth is proportional to 2 25,26 , we apply the correction factors shown in Supplementary Table 3. Similarly, additives to cement and concrete may affect the carbonation rate 18 , and we take this into account by applying other correction factors as shown in Supplementary Table 4.…”

Section: Concrete Strength Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using our estimates of concrete category, cement content, exposure conditions, additives and coatings, we use relevant concrete carbonation rate coefficients from various region-specific references 18,9 (Supplementary Table 6 25,26 , and coating and cover ( CC  ) 29,35 .…”

Section: Concrete Carbonation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cumulative process CO 2 emissions from world cement production are 10.4 GtC from 1930 to 2013 (Supplementary Data 23), of which 6.6% was emitted in the U.S., 32.9% in China, 25 Table 11). …”

Section: Cumulative Process-based Carbon Emissions and Carbon Uptake mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated CO 2 concentrations in the ambient atmosphere of industrial areas 69 and areas near roads will also increase the carbonation rate 25,26 . We assume correction factors for these elevated CO 2 concentrations are Weibull distributed with globally applicable shape and scale parameter of 1.18 and 25, respectively, and maximum and minimum values of 1.41 and 0.93, respectively (Supplementary Table 3).…”

Section: ) Correction Factors Related To Cement Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substantial global carbon uptake by cement carbonation

et al. 2016

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Calcination of carbonate rocks during the manufacture of cement produced 5% of global CO2 emissions from all industrial process and fossil-fuel combustion in 20131, 2. Considerable attention has been paid to quantifying these industrial process emissions from cement production2, 3, but the natural reversal of the process—carbonation—has received little attention in carbon cycle studies. Here, we use new and existing data on cement materials during cement service life, demolition, and secondary use of concrete waste to estimate regional and global CO2 uptake between 1930 and 2013 using an analytical model describing carbonation chemistry. We find that carbonation of cement materials over their life cycle represents a large and growing net sink of CO2, increasing from 0.10 GtC yr−1 in 1998 to 0.25 GtC yr−1 in 2013. In total, we estimate that a cumulative amount of 4.5 GtC has been sequestered in carbonating cement materials from 1930 to 2013, offsetting 43% of the CO2 emissions from production of cement over the same period, not including emissions associated with fossil use during cement production. We conclude that carbonation of cement products represents a substantial carbon sink that is not currently considered in emissions inventories1, 3, 4

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Section: Concrete Strength Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concrete Strength Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concrete Carbonation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cumulative Process-based Carbon Emissions and Carbon Uptake mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Correction Factors Related To Cement Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substantial global carbon uptake by cement carbonation

et al. 2016

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References

2016

Durability Design of Concrete Structures

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Leaching model for a cement mortar exposed to intermittent wetting and drying

2003

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IntroductionOver the past thirty years, the role of cementitious materi-Ž als has expanded from structural building materials cements and concretes used in the current infrastructure of roads, . bridges, and buildings to include cement-based matrices providing environmental control of hazardous contaminant release. It is now common for potentially hazardous species, including radioactive and chemical wastes, to be immobilized within a cementitious matrix by means of a class of treatment Ž . processes known as solidificatonrstabilization SrS . Typically, the treated materials are disposed in regulated landfills where exposure to the environment can be monitored and Ž . controlled Conner and Hoeffner, 1998 . However, a recent shift toward recycling has led to the incorporation of waste Ž and secondary materials into roadbed Berendsen, 1997;. Ž Eighmy et al., 2002 or building materials Jansegers, 1997;. Nishigaki, 2000 . The long-term efficacy of the SrS treatment process largely depends on the durability of the treated material in its environmental scenario. Thus, it has become increasingly important to understand and predict the relationship between constituent release and physical durability of the cement matrix. In addition, an understanding of the aging and failure processes that compromise the durability of Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to D. S. Kosson. these materials can be used to improve the performance of future materials.Long-term durability of cementitious materials is a complex issue that must account for the effect of both internal and external stresses on the cement matrix. Such stresses affect the performance of both structural cements and SrS Ž . treated materials in much the same way Klich et al., 1999 . Internal stresses include phenomena originating from within the matrix that affect the long-term morphology of the cement composition. Changes in chemical composition and structure due to internal stresses, for example, migration of metal species from waste aggregates to the cement paste Ž . Klich et al., 1999 , usually In undersaturated matrices, the reaction of carbon dioxide with components in the pore water leads to conversion of hydroxides to carbonates and overall neutralization of the ce-Ž ment matrix Lange et al., 1996; Macias et al., 1997; Pa-. padakis et al., 1989 Pa-. padakis et al., , 1991 Mollah et al., 1993 . Over very long release intervals, decalcification due to leaching of calcium from the matrix has been observed to increase porosity and reduce Ž compressive strength Carde et al., 1996; Carde and François, . 1997a,b;Carde and François, 1999 . Matrix alteration resulting from carbonation and constituent release are often-overlooked issues affecting both cement durability and the retention of SrS treatment.Recent studies indicate that constituent release and carbonation can be enhanced by cycles of intermittent wetting Ž . IW in which the release from a saturated matrix is inter-Ž . spersed with periods of storage Garrabrants et al., 2002 . Du...

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Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of the concrete carbonation problem

Cited by 258 publications

References 5 publications

Substantial global carbon uptake by cement carbonation

Substantial global carbon uptake by cement carbonation

References

Leaching model for a cement mortar exposed to intermittent wetting and drying

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