Experimental investigation and artificial neural networks ANNs modeling of electrically-enhanced membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment

Combination of Electrochemical Processes with Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment and Fouling Control: A Review

“…The membranes are responsible for the retention of microbes in the reactor which improves biological treatment and for further purification of the resulting effluent via filtration (Giwa et al, 2016). Among the numerous papers available in literature for eMBR, only few studies have been made comparing the different performances of membrane materials and these studies only focused on the effects of the membrane's pore size on fouling.…”

“…These metal complexes react with contaminants in the wastewater to form flocs which can both destabilize and aggregate colloidal particles or precipitate and adsorb dissolved compounds (Elabbas et al, 2016). Oxidation and reduction of some pollutants may also be possible which lead to its deposition at the anode and cathode, respectively (Giwa et al, 2016). For Aluminum:…”

“…Iron complexes, in particular, form a barrier that hinders the transfer of enzymes and nutrients through the microbial cell membrane (Bani-Melhem and Elektorowicz, 2011). This is the reason why ammonia removal using iron and stainless steel anodes are relatively lower (70 and 81.9%, respectively) (Bani-Melhem and Zhang et al, 2015) as compared when using aluminum anode (98-100%) (Wei et al, 2009;Hasan et al, 2012;Giwa et al, 2016). Optimization of electrolysis conditions should, therefore, be done so as not to impede biological treatment.…”

“…It involves the in situ generation of coagulants from the electrochemical dissolution of immersed sacrificial anodes (usually iron or aluminum) ( Figure 1C). Depending on the pH of the solution, various metal species are produced during electrocoagulation which react with the pollutants leading to the destabilization and aggregation of suspended particles and the precipitation and adsorption of dissolved contaminants (Giwa et al, 2016). Moreover, the applied voltage also allows the negatively charged foulants such as activated sludge and secreted polymers to drift toward the oppositely charged electrode and away from the membrane via electrophoretic motion ( Figure 1A) (Chen et al, 2007;Akamatsu et al, 2010Akamatsu et al, , 2012.…”

Selectivity of Nanoporous MnO2 and TiO2 Membranes for Residual Contaminants in Treated Wastewater

“…The coupling of electrokinetic treatment with MBR can enhance the removal of soluble organic materials, improve the performance characteristics of suspended solids such as dewaterability and filterability, and reduce MBR process constraints . eMBR seems to provide promising solutions and is becoming more attractive and increasingly integrated into wastewater treatment processes due to its high treatment efficiency, elimination of chemical addition for pretreatment, and ease of control , . However, electricity cost and consumption of sacrificial electrodes in the eMBR still need to be considered for performance improvements.…”