Experimental intestinal coliform infections in mice

Ashburner, Frances M.; Mushin, Rose

doi:10.1017/s0022172400039449

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First is the fact, already mentioned, that the only known way to render adult mice receptive to E. coli administered per os is to treat them with antimicrobial drugs that eliminate many components of their indigenous microbiota (1,7). This artificially induced susceptibility presents similarities with findings in germfree mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Colonization of the Mouse Intestine With Escherichia Coli

Mushin

Dubos

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although enteropathogenic strains of Esckerickia coli are a frequent cause of disease in human infants, it has proven difficult to establish experimental infections in animals with these organisms. The most successful results so far have been obtained by feeding cultures to mice treated with antibacterial drugs prior to the test in order to suppress their indigenous intestinal flora (1). Useful as it is, this method is obviously artificial and fails to reproduce the conditions under which the disease is commonly observed in man. The availability at The Rockefeller University of a colony of mice (NCS) maintained under so called "specific pathogen-free" conditions, and especially free of E. coli, prompted us to investigate whether these animals would prove more receptive to human strains of E. coli than mice raised under usual conditions.The experiments reported in the present paper were carried out with a culture of E. coli, serotype 026: K60 (026: B6). This type has been found to be associated with infantile diarrhea and is also occasionally recovered from animals (2); the strain used here was isolated from an infant. While the ultimate purpose of our study was to determine whether NCS mice can be used to differentiate virulent enteropathogenic strains of E. coli from ordinary strains, it seems worthwhile reporting at this time a finding of more general importance. It was found namely that the age of the animal host has a profound effect on the ability of the bacteria to colonize the intestine and on their persistence in this organ. Colonization uniformly took place when very young mice received E. coli per os, whereas adult animals usually failed to become infected under the same conditions. Indeed the population of E. coli in the gastrointestinal tract abruptly fell to very low levels around the time of weaning.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Colonization of the Mouse Intestine With Escherichia Coli

Mushin

Dubos

1965

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the beginning of the antibiotics era in the 1950s, it became increasingly clear that indigenous microbial flora—generally assumed as the anaerobic autochthonous symbionts—can be a source of resistance against pathogens. Resistance conferred by the indigenous population explains the side effects of antibiotics (e.g., microbial overgrowth and superinfections) as well as the effectiveness of using antibiotics to prepare animal models for pathogen infection ( 20 – 22 ). The main mechanisms were thought to be competition between microbes, either over substrates or through bactericide molecule production ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Microbiota: From Localized to Long-Reaching Co-Immunity

Chiu

Bazin

Truchetet³

et al. 2017

Front. Immunol.

143

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resident microbiota do not just shape host immunity, they can also contribute to host protection against pathogens and infectious diseases. Previous reviews of the protective roles of the microbiota have focused exclusively on colonization resistance localized within a microenvironment. This review shows that the protection against pathogens also involves the mitigation of pathogenic impact without eliminating the pathogens (i.e., “disease tolerance”) and the containment of microorganisms to prevent pathogenic spread. Protective microorganisms can have an impact beyond their niche, interfering with the entry, establishment, growth, and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. More fundamentally, we propose a series of conceptual clarifications in support of the idea of a “co-immunity,” where an organism is protected by both its own immune system and components of its microbiota.

show abstract

“…The remarkable ability of NCS mice to grow well on gluten diets deficient in lysine and threonine, and even on poorer diets, and the fact that they lose this ability when contaminated after birth, or following treatment with penicillin, may be explained in part by the differences in absorption brought about by changes in the intestinal flora. Coliform organisms may play an important role in this respect since normal fecal strains as well as enteropathogenic strains tend to colonize both the upper intestinal tract and the lower region, even when their presence remains asymptomatic (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Antibacterial Drugs on the Weight of Mice

Dubos

Schaedler

Costello

1963

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The oral administration to mice of certain antibacterial drugs brings about profound and lasting changes in their fecal flora; the duration of these changes is conditioned by the composition of the diet fed the animals (1). It will be shown in the present paper that the growth rates of mice and some at least of their nutritional requirements are also affected by the administration of antibacterial drugs. Materials and MethodsThe two colonies of Swiss mice, NCS and Ha/ICR, used in the present study, as well as the experimental diets, were described in preceding papers (1, 2).All experiments to be reported here were carried out with mice housed individually in stainless steel cages, with wire grids. All NCS mice were of the same age at the beginning of each experiment (30 to 33 days old); within this age group, they were selected for uniformity in weight (within 18 to 22 gin). These requirements for age and initial weight could not be fulfilled for mice of the Ha/ICR colony because their exact date of birth was not known, and also because they were less uniform than NCS mice at the time of receipt from the producer.All animals were weighed individually between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m. This detail is of importance since most mice progressively lose weight during the daylight hours as a result of the fact that they do not consume any significant amount of food or water between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. (2). The results presented in the figures correspond to arithmetic averages for 5 to 10 mice. RESULTS Effect of Antibacterial Drugs on the Weight Gain of NCS Mice Fed a DietDeficient in Lysine and Threonine.--Purified wheat gluten is deficient in several amino acids, particularly in lysine and threonine; in consequence, diets made from this protein usually do not permit good growth unless adequately supplemented. This is true for ordinary Swiss mice as well as for other types of experimental animals. However, we have consistently observed in many different experiments carried out over the past four years that NCS mice gain weight

show abstract

Experimental intestinal coliform infections in mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Colonization of the Mouse Intestine With Escherichia Coli

Colonization of the Mouse Intestine With Escherichia Coli

Protective Microbiota: From Localized to Long-Reaching Co-Immunity

The Effect of Antibacterial Drugs on the Weight of Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About