Experimental infections with African trypanosomes: IV. Immunization of cattle with gamma-irradiated Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Wellde, B. T.; Duxbury, R.E.; Sadun, E. H.; Langbehn, Herald R.; Lötzsch, R.; Deindl, G; Warui, Godwin K

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(73)90063-5

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…T. parva piroplasm antigen was isolated from infected bovine erythrocytes as previously described (31). The purification of T. rhodesiense Wellcome strain (35) exoantigen from cloned populations will be described elsewhere (W. P. H. Duffus, manuscript in preparation), but followed closely the technique of Cross (9).…”

Section: Much Of the Published Work On Cellular Effec-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cattle: Activity Against ⁵¹ Cr-Labeled Chicken Erythrocytes Coated with Protozoal Antigens

Duffus¹,

Butterworth

Wagner

et al. 1978

Infect Immun

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Bovine mononuclear cells in the presence of bovine anti-chicken erythrocyte sera at high dilutions induce release of chromium-51 from labeled chicken erythrocytes. Bovine effector cells are capable of recognizing both bovine immunoglobulin G 1 and bovine immunoglobulin G 2 ; in contrast, human effector cells only recognize immunoglobulin G 1 . Effector cell activity of bovine mononuclear cells is equally distributed between peripheral blood and spleen. As in other species, thymus and lymph node cells exert no antibody-dependent effect, although some direct cytotoxicity by lymph node cells may be observed. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against a bovine cell line can also be detected. By using a tannic acid technique, it was found that chicken erythrocytes coated with Theileria parva piroplasm antigen or with Trypanosoma rhodesiense variant-specific coat antigen form suitable targets for bovine antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays. By using such targets, a moderate degree of direct cytotoxicity by bovine mononuclear cells, in the absence of antibody, is always observed; this may be reduced by choosing optimal conditions of tannic acid treatment and antigen sensitization and by the use of short incubation periods for the cytotoxicity assay. Observations have been made on the variant specificity, time course of appearance, and association with immunoglobulin G 1 of the antibody activity responsible for cell-dependent cytotoxicity against chicken erythrocytes coated with T. rhodesiense antigens. The potential usefulness of this technique in the analysis of protective immune responses against protozoal infections is discussed.

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Section: Much Of the Published Work On Cellular Effec-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cattle: Activity Against ⁵¹ Cr-Labeled Chicken Erythrocytes Coated with Protozoal Antigens

Duffus¹,

Butterworth

Wagner

et al. 1978

Infect Immun

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“…Initial studies using irradiation as a tool for developing trypanosome vaccines were made in the early 1970s by destroying the parasite with high irradiation doses of up to 1000Gy (37). Animals inoculated with irradiated parasites developed good humoral immune responses against VSG and were protected against homologous trypanosome challenge but not heterologous variants (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). The irradiation doses used were however lethal to the parasite and much higher than those used by current related irradiated parasite vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Dose Gamma Irradiation of Trypanosoma evansi Parasites Identifies Molecular Changes That Occur to Repair Radiation Damage and Gene Transcripts That May Be Involved in Establishing Disease in Mice Post-Irradiation

et al. 2022

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The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma evansi is responsible for causing surra in a variety of mammalian hosts and is spread by many vectors over a wide geographical area making it an ideal target for irradiation as a tool to study the initial events that occur during infection. Parasites irradiated at the representative doses 100Gy, 140Gy, and 200Gy were used to inoculate BALB/c mice revealing that parasites irradiated at 200Gy were unable to establish disease in all mice. Cytokine analysis of mice inoculated with 200Gy of irradiated parasites showed significantly lower levels of interleukins when compared to mice inoculated with non-irradiated and 100Gy irradiated parasites. Irradiation also differentially affected the abundance of gene transcripts in a dose-dependent trend measured at 6- and 20-hours post-irradiation with 234, 325, and 484 gene transcripts affected 6 hours post-irradiation for 100Gy-, 140Gy- and 200Gy-irradiated parasites, respectively. At 20 hours post-irradiation, 422, 381, and 457 gene transcripts were affected by irradiation at 100Gy, 140Gy, and 200Gy, respectively. A gene ontology (GO) term analysis was carried out for the three representative doses at 6 hours and 20 hours post-irradiation revealing different processes occurring at 20 hours when compared to 6 hours for 100Gy irradiation. The top ten most significant processes had a negative Z score. These processes fall in significance at 140Gy and even further at 200Gy, revealing that they were least likely to occur at 200Gy, and thus may have been responsible for infection in mice by 100Gy and 140Gy irradiated parasites. When looking at 100Gy irradiated parasites 20 hours post-irradiation processes with a positive Z score, we identified genes that were involved in multiple processes and compared their fold change values at 6 hours and 20 hours. We present these genes as possibly necessary for repair from irradiation damage at 6 hours and suggestive of being involved in the establishment of disease in mice at 20 hours post-irradiation. A potential strategy using this information to develop a whole parasite vaccine is also postulated.

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Antigenic Variation in African Trypanosomes

Vickerman

1974

Ciba Foundation Symposium 25 ‐ Parasites in the Immunized Host: Mechanisms of Survival

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Experimental infections with African trypanosomes: IV. Immunization of cattle with gamma-irradiated Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cattle: Activity Against ⁵¹ Cr-Labeled Chicken Erythrocytes Coated with Protozoal Antigens

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cattle: Activity Against ⁵¹ Cr-Labeled Chicken Erythrocytes Coated with Protozoal Antigens

Low Dose Gamma Irradiation of Trypanosoma evansi Parasites Identifies Molecular Changes That Occur to Repair Radiation Damage and Gene Transcripts That May Be Involved in Establishing Disease in Mice Post-Irradiation

Antigenic Variation in African Trypanosomes

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Experimental infections with African trypanosomes: IV. Immunization of cattle with gamma-irradiated Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cattle: Activity Against 51 Cr-Labeled Chicken Erythrocytes Coated with Protozoal Antigens

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cattle: Activity Against 51 Cr-Labeled Chicken Erythrocytes Coated with Protozoal Antigens

Low Dose Gamma Irradiation of Trypanosoma evansi Parasites Identifies Molecular Changes That Occur to Repair Radiation Damage and Gene Transcripts That May Be Involved in Establishing Disease in Mice Post-Irradiation

Antigenic Variation in African Trypanosomes

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Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cattle: Activity Against ⁵¹ Cr-Labeled Chicken Erythrocytes Coated with Protozoal Antigens

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Cattle: Activity Against ⁵¹ Cr-Labeled Chicken Erythrocytes Coated with Protozoal Antigens