Experimental Infection of the Udder of Ewes Due to <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>

Bocklisch, H; Kreusel, S; Brys, A; Pfützner, H

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1991.tb00886.x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Identification of M. bovis from two cases involving lambs, was not considered clinically significant as other infectious agents were found. A role of M. bovis in clinical disease of sheep and goats cannot be excluded, despite being rare, as there is experimental evidence supporting induction of mastitis in ewes [ 68 ], but it is not often considered in small ruminant diagnosis. Infection of these hosts with M. bovis most likely occurs following mixing or co-inhabitation with cattle, and interestingly, at one of the case premises both cattle and sheep were registered, but the other premises had only registered sheep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Mycoplasma species and related organisms from ruminants in England and Wales during 2005–2019

2021

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Background Mycoplasma species have been associated with economically important diseases affecting ruminants worldwide and include contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and contagious agalactia, listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The Mycoplasma Team at the Animal and Plant Health Agency provides an identification service for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species of veterinary importance to the United Kingdom (UK), supporting the detection of new and emerging pathogens, as well as contributing to the surveillance of endemic, and the OIE listed diseases exotic to the UK. Mycoplasma and other Mollicutes species were identified from diagnostic samples from farmed ruminants in England and Wales using a combination of culture and 16S rRNA gene-based PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, submitted between 2005 and 2019. Results A total of 5578 mollicutes identifications, which include mycoplasmas and the related acholeoplasmas and ureaplasmas, were made from farmed ruminant animals during the study period. Throughout the study period, the pathogen Mycoplasma bovis was consistently the most frequently identified species, accounting for 1411 (32%) of 4447 molecular identifications in cattle, primarily detected in the lungs of pneumonic calves, followed by joints and milk of cattle showing signs of arthritis and mastitis, respectively. M. bovirhinis, M. alkalescens, M. dispar, M. arginini and Ureaplasma diversum, were also common. Mixed species, principally M. bovis with M. alkalescens, M. arginini or M. bovirhinis were also prevalent, particularly from respiratory samples. The non-cultivable blood-borne haemoplasmas Candidatus ‘Mycoplasma haemobos’ and Mycoplasma wenyonii were identified from cattle, with the latter species most often associated with milk-drop. M. ovipneumoniae was the predominant species identified from sheep and goats experiencing respiratory disease, while M. conjunctivae preponderated in ocular samples. The UK remains free of the ruminant mycoplasmas listed by OIE. Conclusions The continued high prevalence of M. bovis identifications confirms its ongoing dominance and importance as a significant pathogen of cattle in England and Wales, particularly in association with respiratory disease. M. ovipneumoniae has seen a general increase in prevalence in recent years, notably in coughing lambs and should therefore be considered as a primary differential diagnosis of respiratory disease in small ruminants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Mycoplasma species and related organisms from ruminants in England and Wales during 2005–2019

2021

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“…In such cases, even if DNA sequencing of the target genes is more time-consuming than SNP analysis using hybridization probes, it may be easier than the traditional method. In experimental intramammary infections caused by M. bovis, M. bovis persisted in milk for approximately 2 weeks, and its concentration in udder tissue remained very high (10 3 to ϳ10 8 CFU/ml) (25). If a fresh milk sample was used, M. bovis was usually detectable by this method (detection limit, 126 to 1,260 CFU/ml).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Multilocus Sequence Type of Mycoplasma bovis Isolates and Development of a Method for Rapid Detection of Point Mutations Involved in Decreased Susceptibility to Macrolides, Lincosamides, Tetracyclines, and Spectinomycin

Hata

Harada²,

Itoh

2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Mycoplasma bovis isolates belonging to the sequence type 5 (ST5) group, the dominant group in Japan since 1999, were low susceptible to 16-membered macrolides and tetracyclines and were confirmed to have a guanine-to-adenine transition mutation at position 748 in the 23S rRNA gene (rrl) and adenine-to-thymine transversion mutations at positions 965 and 967 in the 16S rRNA gene (rrs) (Escherichia coli numbering). Moreover, isolates of ST93 and ST155, members of the ST5 group, were low susceptible to lincosamides and azithromycin and showed an adenine-to-guanine transition mutation at position 2059 of rrl. Isolates of ST93 were additionally low susceptible to spectinomycin and showed a cytosine-to-adenine transversion mutation at position 1192 of rrs. Strains of the ST5 group seem to spread to Japan and Europe from North America with imported cows, while strains of ST93 and ST155 originated in Japan. Melting curve analysis using hybridization probes revealed the existence of point mutations involved in decreased susceptibility to macrolides, lincosamides, and spectinomycin, as demonstrated by changes in the melting curve shape and/or decreases in the melting peak temperature, so the susceptibility to these antimicrobials can be assessed on the same day. For decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones to exist, nonsynonymous mutations in the DNA gyrase gene (gyrA) and topoisomerase IV gene (parC) had to coexist. The combination of amino acid substitutions of serine at position 83 in gyrA and serine at position 80 in parC resulted in particularly low susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. IMPORTANCE Mycoplasma bovis is the main causal species of bovine mycoplasmal disease and leads to significant economic losses because of its severe symptoms, strong infectivity, and refractoriness. As for mastitis, culling cows with intramammary infections is a general countermeasure to prevent spreading. The conventional antimicrobial susceptibility test for mycoplasma is time-consuming and troublesome, but no quick and easy method for grasping the antimicrobial susceptibility of the causal strain exists at present. Treatment without antimicrobial susceptibility information may be one reason why M. bovis infection is refractory. Detecting a mutation involved in decreased susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of the causal strain makes it possible to easily select suitable antimicrobials for treatment, and this technique will help improve the cure rate and prevent the overuse of ineffective antimicrobial agents. In this study, we developed a technique to quickly and easily assess antimicrobial susceptibility based on the genetic characteristics of M. bovis strains in Japan. KEYWORDS Mycoplasma bovis, antimicrobial resistance, hybridization probe, multilocus sequence typing Citation Hata E, Harada T, Itoh M. 2019. Relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence type of Mycoplasma bovis isolates and development of a method for rapid detection of point mutations involved in decreased susceptibility to macrolide...

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“…Calves could become infected from their dams or from other adult cows in the maternity area that are shedding M bovis in colostrum, vaginal secretions, or respiratory secretions [60]. The isolation of M bovis from vaginal secretions of cows at calving [102,103] and congenital infection of calves [104,105] have been reported, although both events seem to occur infrequently. One of the major means of transmission to young calves is believed to be ingestion of milk from cows shedding M bovis from the mammary gland [11,63,69,93,95,103,104].…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity and Risk Management for Dairy Replacements

Maunsell

Donovan

2008

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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Biosecurity, biocontainment, and disease risk management on dairy replacement operations are time- and labor-intensive, planned programs. Oftentimes the value of these programs is realized only after disease is introduced to a facility or a disease outbreak occurs. There is no "one-plan-fits-all;" each plan must be tailored to meet the needs of management's goals and expectations and problems specific to a production enterprise or geographic region. A standard framework applicable to biosecurity programs includes: (1) hazard identification, (2) exposure assessment, (3) risk characterization, and (4) risk management. The discussion presented here helps lay the framework for development and implementation of biosecurity and risk-management programs within dairy replacement facilities.

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Experimental Infection of the Udder of Ewes Due to Mycoplasma bovis

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Identification of Mycoplasma species and related organisms from ruminants in England and Wales during 2005–2019

Identification of Mycoplasma species and related organisms from ruminants in England and Wales during 2005–2019

Relationship between Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Multilocus Sequence Type of Mycoplasma bovis Isolates and Development of a Method for Rapid Detection of Point Mutations Involved in Decreased Susceptibility to Macrolides, Lincosamides, Tetracyclines, and Spectinomycin

Biosecurity and Risk Management for Dairy Replacements

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