Experimental infection of the cockroach<i>Periplaneta americana</i>with<i>Toxocara canis</i>and the establishment of patent infections in pups

Sasmal, N. K.; Pahari, T.K.; Laha, R.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x07875936

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The higher shedding of eggs occurred at 24 and 48 h post-inoculation, as previously observed in cockroaches inoculated with T. canis eggs (66). As expected, egg shedding was inversely proportional to the larvae presence in the tilapia GIT, consistent with observations in chicken (60) and cockroaches (65). The wide variation herein in egg and larval recovery per fish (23 to 86%) shows the absence of an egg dispersal pattern as observed in chickens (60).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The presence of T. canis eggs into the water tanks herein has confirmed the capacity of egg shedding and dispersion into the aquatic environment by the Nile tilapia, as previously observed in other paratenic hosts and mechanical carriers experimentally infected with T. canis embryonated eggs, such as chickens (60), and cockroaches (65,66). Not surprisingly, toxocarosis can be transmitted to human beings by ingestion of invertebrate hosts such as snails (67,68) and earthworms (69), which may play a role as paratenic, mechanical, or biological hosts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…(75). Despite the presence of eggs in the tank water and the GIT of the fish, no evidence of T. canis larvae migration into fish tissue was observed herein, as already observed in cockroaches and dog puppy tissues that were experimentally infected with feces of cockroaches containing embryonated eggs and larvae of T. canis (65). The authors hypothesize that the absence of migration may be due to the fish's poikilothermic characteristics, with GITs providing poor quality conditions for T. canis larvae hatching and tissue migration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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The Role of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Life Cycle of Toxocara spp.

et al. 2021

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The present study aimed to experimentally assess Nile tilapia as potential paratenic host of Toxocara spp. A total of 15 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with 300 embryonated Toxocara canis eggs by oral gavage, while five others of the control group received distilled water. The fish were individually analyzed at 16, 24, 48, 72, and 240 h after inoculation. Water contamination was assessed, and tissue migration by liver, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), eyes, and central nervous system. A murine model was used as the paratenic host for egg infectivity assessment. Eggs and larvae were found in plastic tank water and fish GIT, ranging from 23 to 86% per fish. Eggs and larvae were recovered from the tank water (76.3%) and fish GIT (23.7%). The counting of eggs and larvae observed was negatively correlated with number of eggs and larvae in the water tank (rho = −0.698, p = 0.003). Shedding of embryonated eggs was first detected at 16 and up to 240 h, with significant egg and larvae yield decrease on water-shedding (p = 0.001) and in the GIT (p = 0.007). Although no T. canis larva was recovered in fish tissues, egg infectivity after fish GIT transit was experimentally confirmed by mice assessment. In conclusion, despite shedding viable embryonated eggs through the gastrointestinal tract, tilapias may not play a role as a suitable paratenic hosts for Toxocara spp., posing low risk of zoonotic transmission by fish meat consumption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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The Role of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Life Cycle of Toxocara spp.

et al. 2021

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“…Cockroach specimens were also gathered from villages or household settings or human habitats [10,18,32,37,47,55,56,59,62,63,68,72,76,80,81,83,85,[87][88][89]97,99,101]. Cockroach samples were also collected from a zoo and a pet store [95,98].…”

Section: Sampling Locations and Risk Factors For Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Zoonotic Enteric Parasites Carried by Flies, Cockroaches, and Dung Beetles

et al. 2022

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Filth flies, cockroaches, and dung beetles have been close neighbors with humans and animals throughout our joint histories. However, these insects can also serve as vectors for many zoonotic enteric parasites (ZEPs). Zoonoses by ZEPs remain a paramount public health threat due to our close contact with animals, combined with poor water, sanitation, and hygiene access, services, and behaviors in many global regions. Our objective in this systematic review was to determine which ZEPs have been documented in these vectors, to identify risk factors associated with their transmission, and to provide effectual One Health recommendations for curbing their spread. Using PRISMA guidelines, a total of 85 articles published from 1926 to 2021 were reviewed and included in this study. Qualitative analysis revealed that the most common parasites associated with these insects included, but were not limited to: Ascaris spp., Trichuris spp., Entamoeba spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. Additionally, prominent risk factors discovered in the review, such as poor household and community WASH services, unsafe food handling, and exposure to domestic animals and wildlife, significantly increase parasitic transmission and zoonoses. The risk of insect vector transmission in our shared environments makes it critically important to implement a One Health approach in reducing ZEP transmission.

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“…The microorganisms live and propagate within internal organs such as the saliva gland and alimentary canal. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Entamoeba histolytica [7], Aelurostrongylus abstrusus [8], Eimeria tenella [9], and Toxocara canis [10] are transferred to humans and animals via mechanical and biological transmission. After humans or animals acquire the pathogenic microorganisms, insect vectorborne diseases occur [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Toxicity of Various Stemona Collinsiae Root Extracts Against Periplaneta Americana (Dictyoptera: Blattodea) And Detection of Didehydrostemofoline Distribution in Tissue Using MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Sakulpanich¹,

Ounklong²,

Sommanat³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Contact toxicity against Periplaneta americana has never been tested with S. collinsiae root extract. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol and water extracts were tested in final-instar nymphs and adult P. americana by topical application method. The dichloromethane extract showed the high-est potency of contact toxicity against the final-instar nymphs (41-100% corrected mortality at 48 hours), lowest LC50 (1.5±0.2 %w/v at 48 hours), and lowest LT50 (36.1±0.8 hours at 10%w/v) while the water crude extract lacked the contact toxicity (0-0% corrected mortality at 48 hours). Signs of toxicity, such as excited movement, trembling body, motionlessness, and swollen abdomen segment including irregularly extended foregut were found at the both stages of P. americana dropping with solutions of dichloromethane extract. Detection of didehydrostemofoline distri-bution using IMS revealed that didehydrostemofoline distributed in the tissue of the dead fi-nal-instar nymph and adult P. americana contacting with dichloromethane extract, but it was not found in tissue of euthanized P. americana which exposed to the water extract. Didehydrostemo-foline in the extract was a cause of toxicity signs and death of P. americana via a contact route. Thus, dichloromethane extract and didehydrostemofoline could be used as an active ingredient and chemical marker in aerosol and spray formulations for cockroach control.

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Experimental infection of the cockroachPeriplaneta americanawithToxocara canisand the establishment of patent infections in pups

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

The Role of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Life Cycle of Toxocara spp.

The Role of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Life Cycle of Toxocara spp.

A Systematic Review of Zoonotic Enteric Parasites Carried by Flies, Cockroaches, and Dung Beetles

Contact Toxicity of Various Stemona Collinsiae Root Extracts Against Periplaneta Americana (Dictyoptera: Blattodea) And Detection of Didehydrostemofoline Distribution in Tissue Using MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry

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