Experimental infection of pups with <i>Ancylostoma caninum</i> larvae from an abnormal host, the chicken

Mittra, S.; Sasmal, N. K.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x00025840

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Birds have been shown to be paratenic hosts of hookworm where larvae migratory patterns to the muscles and organs are similar to what is seen in mice (Agarwal and Agarwal, 1983;Agarwal and Johri, 1980). Patent infections developed in pups that had consumed infected chickens (Mittra and Sasmal, 1985) however larval yield from the infected chickens dramatically decreases 72 hours post infection resulting in a short time frame where canines could become infected (Agarwal and Johri, 1980). Hence, an increased biomass of birds during the wet season, when the climatic conditions for hookworm are ideal, could relate to an increased presence of hookworms in peri-urban wild dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹

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Established wildlife populations within peri-urban and urban environments provide an opportunity for the spread of zoonotic pathogens to and from human-associated environments. Wild dogs, including dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and their cross breeds (hybrids) are common across the Australian mainland, and hybrid populations are particularly frequent within peri-urban environments. Previous studies have shown that wild dogs carry zoonotic pathogens of public health significance, however, data relating to peri-urban wild dogs has been limited to a few studies with a small geographical range and / or small sample size.To address the potential public health implications of peri-urban wild dogs, information regarding pathogen diversity, prevalence, risk factors and geographical distribution are required.To investigate the diversity and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in peri-urban wild dogs, a cross sectional survey was undertaken. Utilising council management programs and private trappers, 201 wild dogs were collected for necropsy. Analysis of faecal and blood samples indicated that helminth parasites were common, detected within 79.6  5.4 % of wild dogs tested, however bacterial pathogens were much less prevalent. Echinococcus granulosus was the most prevalent parasite detected by necropsy, (prevalence 50.7  6.9 %). Hookworms were found to comprise the second most common pathogen of zoonotic significance with an overall prevalence of 28.8% ( 7.1%).Molecular characterisation identified the majority as Ancylostoma caninum. Several pathogens of zoonotic interest were not detected during the study, namely Brucella suis and Neospora caninum.This study provided essential baseline data on the prevalence of pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dog populations in north-eastern Australia, which is required to inform the management of wild dogs in peri-urban areas.Characteristics of the most prevalent parasitic pathogens and their lifecycles suggested possible associations between the diet composition of wild dogs and their infection status. Whole stomachs were collected during necropsy and analysed for dietary composition and biomass. The majority of food items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly: swamp wallaby (20.6  6.08%); canine species (prey) (10.6  4.62%); eastern grey kangaroo (10.0  4.51 %); and deer species (10.0  4.51%). Wild dogs that consumed swamp wallaby (OR 1.79, p<0.05) or unidentified species of macropods (OR 4.18, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with E. granulosus than dogs who had consumed non-macropod species. Wild dogs that had consumed various bird (OR 7.80, p<0.01) or bandicoot species (OR 3.09, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with hookworm compared to dogs that had consumed ii macropods. These findings suggest that diet composition is an important contributing factor to the infection status of wild dogs.To explore the geographical distribution of pathogens a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹

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“…A. caninum, the most common species of hookworm present in wild dogs (Harriott 2018), undergoes hypobiosis during the dry season (Gibbs 1982), which ensures that maximum egg output coincides with the onset of the wet season. Birds have been shown to be paratenic hosts of hookworm (Agarwal and Johri 1980;Agarwal and Agarwal 1983) and patent infections can develop in pups that had consumed infected chickens (Mittra and Sasmal 1985). This suggests that an increased consumption of birds during the wet season may increase the risk of hookworm infection in periurban wild dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between diet of periurban wild dogs and zoonotic pathogen carriage

Harriott

Gentle²,

Traub

et al. 2019

Aust. Mammalogy

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Established wildlife populations in periurban environments provide an opportunity to spread zoonotic pathogens within human-associated environments. Characteristics of prevalent pathogens harboured by periurban wild dogs suggest that dietary preference could influence their infection status; however, data comparing diet composition and pathogen presence are rarely available. We analysed the stomach contents of 170 periurban wild dogs (Canis familiaris) for the occurrence and biomass of prey items, and then associated this with their known infection status of key zoonotic pathogens. The staple prey items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor) (20.6±6.1%), canines (C. familiaris) (prey) (10.6±4.6%), eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) (10.0±4.5%), and deer (various species) (10.0±4.5%). Unidentified bird species (10.0±4.5%) were also common. Wild dogs that were positive for Echinococcus granulosus were significantly more likely to have consumed swamp wallabies. These findings demonstrate the importance of managing both the definitive and intermediate stages of E. granulosus, and suggest that diet correlates with pathogen presence in some cases. This information may assist the development of specific strategies to manage zoonotic pathogens of wild dogs, which are currently lacking.

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“…Following necropsy, intestine, mesenteric glands, liver, lungs, heart, kidney, spleen, tongue, brain and muscles of breast, thigh and eyes were collected aseptically, kept separate and divided into three parts. The first part of the tissues/organs was examined for recovery of larvae by tissue digestion with artificial gastric juice (pepsin, 0.5 g; HCl, 0.7 ml; 0.9% saline, 99.3 ml; pH adjusted to 1.0 with HCl) following the method described by Mitra & Sasmal (1985). The percent inoculum was calculated following the formula of Pahari & Sasmal (1990b): percent inoculum ¼ (number of larvae recovered/number of eggs inoculated) £ 100.…”

Section: Experimental Infection Of Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval migration ofToxocara canisin piglets and transfer of larvae from infected porcine tissue to mice

2008

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Visceral larva migrans (VLM), caused by Toxocara canis larvae in humans, animals and birds, is now well documented throughout the world. Seven piglets were infected orally with 5 x 104 embryonated eggs and the migration and distribution of T. canis larvae in the tissues were evaluated. After artificial gastric juice digestion, larval yields at necropsy from different organs and muscles on days 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 post-infection (DPI) revealed 3.05, 0.97, 0.21, 0.13, 0.05, 0.14% recovery from liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, skeletal muscles and brain tissues respectively, with a total of 2486 (4.97%) recovery from all tissues together. The highest number of larvae 1527 (3.05%) was recovered from the liver throughout the period (1-30 DPI), indicating a special affinity of larvae for the liver. Subsequently five mice were each infected orally with 5 g of infected pig liver and, after necropsy on 10 DPI, 20 +/- 3.62, 17 +/- 5.10, 3 +/- 1.26, 12 +/- 3.92 and 30 +/- 5.69 larvae were recovered from liver, lungs, heart, brain and muscles, respectively. Thus, primarily, the migratory potential and adaptation of T. canis larvae in porcine tissue was examined and, subsequently, their establishment in the second paratenic host, the mouse, has been successful. No influence of host sex on the migratory potential of T. canis larvae was observed. The related pathology caused by migratory larvae and its zoonotic significance through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork has been emphasized.

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Experimental infection of pups with Ancylostoma caninum larvae from an abnormal host, the chicken

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

The association between diet of periurban wild dogs and zoonotic pathogen carriage

Larval migration ofToxocara canisin piglets and transfer of larvae from infected porcine tissue to mice

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