Experimental Infection of Macacus Rhesus with Rickettsia quintana Trench Fever

Mooser, H.; Weyer, F.

doi:10.3181/00379727-83-20464

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…There are reports of natural infection with B. quintana in captive-bred cynomolgus macaques (O'Rourke et al 2005) and of its transmission to rhesus macaques (Mooser and Weyer 1953). In a 1926 study, B. bacilliformis, the agent of Oroya fever, was experimentally inoculated into young rhesus macaques in which it induced the same symptoms as observed in human cases of Oroya fever (Noguchi and Battistini 1926).…”

Section: Bartonellosismentioning

confidence: 89%

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Gardner¹,

Luciw²

2008

ILAR Journal

170

133

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Macaques have served as models for more than 70 human infectious diseases of diverse etiologies, including a multitude of agents-bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions. The remarkable diversity of human infectious diseases that have been modeled in the macaque includes global, childhood, and tropical diseases as well as newly emergent, sexually transmitted, oncogenic, degenerative neurologic, potential bioterrorism, and miscellaneous other diseases. Historically, macaques played a major role in establishing the etiology of yellow fever, polio, and prion diseases. With rare exceptions (Chagas disease, bartonellosis), all of the infectious diseases in this review are of Old World origin. Perhaps most surprising is the large number of tropical (16), newly emergent (7), and bioterrorism diseases (9) that have been modeled in macaques. Many of these human diseases (e.g., AIDS, hepatitis E, bartonellosis) are a consequence of zoonotic infection. However, infectious agents of certain diseases, including measles and tuberculosis, can sometimes go both ways, and thus several human pathogens are threats to nonhuman primates including macaques. Through experimental studies in macaques, researchers have gained insight into pathogenic mechanisms and novel treatment and vaccine approaches for many human infectious diseases, most notably acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other infectious agents for which macaques have been a uniquely valuable resource for biomedical research, and particularly vaccinology, include influenza virus, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, arenaviruses, hepatitis E virus, papillomavirus, smallpox virus, Mycobacteria, Bacillus anthracis, Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia pestis, and Plasmodium species. This review summarizes the extensive past and present research on macaque models of human infectious disease.

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Section: Bartonellosismentioning

confidence: 89%

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Gardner¹,

Luciw²

2008

ILAR Journal

170

133

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“…Thus far, the human body louse is the only proposed vector for B. quintana, and humans remain the only proven host in vivo. Attempts to induce disease in laboratory animals through inoculation with B. quintana have succeeded only when primates were used [162]. After the first cases of trench fever were recognized in France in 1915, it rapidly became obvious that the disease occurred primarily when large numbers of people lived together in cramped, unhygienic, louse-infested circumstances.…”

Section: B Quintanamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Body Louse as a Vector of Reemerging Human Diseases

1999

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The body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus, is a strict human parasite, living and multiplying in clothing. Louse infestation is associated with cold weather and a lack of hygiene. Three pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by the body louse. Borrelia recurrentis is a spirochete, the agent of relapsing fever, recently cultured on axenic medium. Historically, massive outbreaks have occurred in Eurasia and Africa, but currently the disease is found only in Ethiopia and neighboring countries. Bartonella quintana is now recognized as an agent of bacillary angiomatosis bacteremia, trench fever, endocarditis, and chronic lymphadenopathy among the homeless. Rickettsia prowazekii is the agent of epidemic typhus. The most recent outbreak (and the largest since World War II) was observed in Burundi. A small outbreak was also reported in Russia in 1997. Louse infestation appears to become more prevalent worldwide, associated with a decline in social and hygienic conditions provoked by civil unrest and economic instability.

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“…The role of lice had been observed as early as 1920 (4). Various experiments have demonstrated that the disease could be induced in human volunteers (20) and Macacus rhesus monkeys (14) by injection of B. quintana and that the bacterium multiplied in the gut lumen of naturally (21) or intrarectally (8) infected lice without interfering with viability and was excreted in their feces (4,8). However, despite growing interest in louse-transmitted diseases, there is no currently available experimental model to describe the relationship between B. quintana and the louse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Model of Human Body Louse Infection Using Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Bartonella quintana

Fournier¹,

Minnick

Lépidi

et al. 2001

Infect Immun

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A laboratory colony of human body lice was experimentally infected by feeding on rabbits made artificially bacteremic with a green fluorescent protein-expressing Bartonella quintana. B. quintana was detected in the gut and feces until death but not in the eggs. The life span of the lice was not modified. The rabbit model should provide valuable clues to the role of lice in the transmission of B. quintana.Bartonella quintana is a fastidious gram-negative bacterium that is regarded as a reemerging human pathogen (1) and is responsible for various human diseases (12). Although trench fever, the first clinical manifestation of B. quintana infection to be recognized (13), affected thousands of soldiers during World Wars I and II, medical interest in trench fever waned for almost 30 years because the disease was only rarely encountered. In the 1990s, B. quintana was identified as an agent of bacillary angiomatosis in AIDS patients (17), endocarditis (5, 16, 18), chronic bacteremia (3, 19), and chronic lymphadenopathy (15). These diseases are associated with homelessness or cramped, unhygienic circumstances, together with cold weather and the presence of body lice. The role of lice had been observed as early as 1920 (4). Various experiments have demonstrated that the disease could be induced in human volunteers (20) and Macacus rhesus monkeys (14) by injection of B. quintana and that the bacterium multiplied in the gut lumen of naturally (21) or intrarectally (8) infected lice without interfering with viability and was excreted in their feces (4,8). However, despite growing interest in louse-transmitted diseases, there is no currently available experimental model to describe the relationship between B. quintana and the louse.GFP-expressing B. quintana. B. quintana strain Oklahoma (ATCC 49793) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md.) and cultivated as previously described (10). Plasmid pJMBGFP, containing the B. bacilliformis flagellin promoter and a Rep origin of replication obtained from pBBR1-MCS2 (9) (Table 1), was provided by James M. Battisti (Division of Biological Sciences, University Montana, Missoula, Mont.). It was extracted and purified from Escherichia coli using a Midi Prep kit (Qiagen, Inc., Chatsworth, Calif.) and then adjusted to 0.5 g/ml. Transformation procedures were as previously described (6). The transformed bacteria were cultivated on 5% sheep blood agar containing 25 g of kanamycin sulfate per ml and were further verified as B. quintana by PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer (its) followed by sequencing (6). The presence of plasmid DNA was checked as previously described (6).Optimal transformation efficiencies were obtained at 6 ms for a field strength of 12.5 kV/cm and a plasmid DNA amount of 60 to 80 ng but were low, ranging from 3 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 to 7 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 . Colonies of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing B. quintana began to appear at aproximately 12 to 16 days following electroporation, which represents a growth lag time of approximately...

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Experimental Infection of Macacus Rhesus with Rickettsia quintana Trench Fever

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

The Body Louse as a Vector of Reemerging Human Diseases

Experimental Model of Human Body Louse Infection Using Green Fluorescent Protein-Expressing Bartonella quintana

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