Experimental infection of European wild boars and domestic pigs with pseudorabies viruses with differing virulence

Müller, Thomas; Teuffert, Jürgen; Zellmer, R.; Conraths, Franz Josef

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.252

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Studies carried out with the use of PrV isolates from the US and East Germany produced mild clinical symptoms in experimentally infected wild boars and domestic pigs Mü ller et al 2001). Furthermore, field observations suggest that PrV infection in free-living wild swine may produce only mild respiratory symptoms and may go unnoticed (Mü ller et al 2000), supporting the hypothesis that PrV strains in wild boars may be less virulent than those of domestic pigs Mü ller et al 2001;Schulze et al 2010). Indeed, only occasional clinical cases were reported from an outbreak of PrV infection in wild boars in south-central Spain (Gortazar et al 2002) and two cases from an endemically infected area in East Germany (Schulze et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

SEROLOGIC, MOLECULAR, AND PATHOLOGIC SURVEY OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS INFECTION IN HUNTED WILD BOARS (SUS SCROFA) IN ITALY

Verin

Varuzza

Mazzei

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:To investigate pseudorabies-virus (PrV) -antibody and viral-DNA prevalence, we collected blood, nasal and genital swabs, and tonsillar and lymph-node tissue samples from 139 wild boars (Sus scrofa; 39 piglets, 30 juveniles, and 70 adults), during the hunting season of 2010-2011 in Tuscany, Central Italy. We performed immunohistochemistry with anti-PrV monoclonal antibodies on selected tissue samples. Forty-three of 139 (30.9%) boars were PrV-antibody positive and a 1,954-base-pair PrV-specific product was amplified from nine nasal (6.5%) and 26 genital (18.7%) swabs. Sequence analysis of PrV-positive PCR products revealed identity scores of 99-100% with Suid herpesvirus 1 strain Becker (JF797219) and confirmed the identification of PrV DNA in tested swabs. There was significantly higher antibody prevalence in adults than in juveniles and in piglets than in juveniles. The prevalence of viral DNA was significantly higher in genital swabs than in nasal specimens. The percentage of positive nasal swabs did not differ among age classes. Piglets had a higher percentage of PCR-positive genital swabs than juvenile and adult subjects (30.8% vs. 13.3% and 14.3%, respectively). Results confirmed that PrV infection is widespread in the wild boar population in the study area. The presence of anti-PrV antibodies and of the PrV virus in piglets could be related to vertical transmission of the virus. This hypothesis was also supported by a higher presence of viral genome in genital swabs than in nasal swabs. This field study supports the importance of vertical transmission of PrV, and the high prevalence of virus in genital swabs supports venereal transmission in adult feral boars.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Prior experimental and field studies demonstrated that some of the subjects were PrV PCR positive, but antibody negative (Mü ller et al 2001;Ruiz-Fons et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEROLOGIC, MOLECULAR, AND PATHOLOGIC SURVEY OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS INFECTION IN HUNTED WILD BOARS (SUS SCROFA) IN ITALY

Verin

Varuzza

Mazzei

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The disease occurs worldwide and causes big economic losses due to its direct effect on domestic pigs and to its indirect impact on the international trade of pigs and their products (Moynagh 1997). Many European countries have become ADV free (Moynagh 1997;Müller et al 2001) due to the implementation of control and eradication programs in their domestic pigs (e.g. The Netherlands, Denmark, or Germany).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological risk factors of Aujeszky’s disease in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs in Spain

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An Aujeszky's disease (AD) control and eradication campaign started in Spain in 1995, and as a result, AD virus (ADV) seroprevalences have notably diminished in Spanish domestic pig herds, but eradication has not yet been achieved. Since the presence of ADV in Spanish wild boar populations can impede schemes to eradicate ADV in domestic pig, we conducted analyses of risk factors and investigated associations between the patterns of ADV seroprevalence at the municipal level in the wild boar and the domestic pig, respectively, in south-central Spain. There was a clear influence of individual factors on the risk of wild boar to test positive to ADV. Concerning the domestic pig, higher ADV seroprevalences were observed with increasing numbers of pigs per farm. Indoor pig farms showed higher seroprevalences than open-air farms. Our results show that, at least at the study scale, the level of ADV seroprevalence in domestic pig farms is not influenced by the level of ADV seroprevalence in the coexisting wild boar populations. Also, there was no influence of domestic pigs ADV seroprevalence on the risk of wild boars to test seropositive. Finally, there was no evidence for a statistical association between ADV seroprevalence levels in wild boar and domestic pig at the municipal level in the study region. These findings are of interest for both veterinary and public health authorities. Nevertheless, more effort is needed in order to elucidate the nature of particular ADV outbreaks in domestic pigs in the study region due to possible contacts with wild boars, which will probably require a molecular approach.

show abstract

“…Whilst CSF virus, for example, is supposed to spread rapidly when introduced among susceptible wild boar (Artois et al, 2002), the observed low-speed spread of ADV in wild boar might be a result of the different nature and pathogenesis of this virus on the one hand and geographical features on the other hand. In contrast to highly contagious CSF virus (Artois et al, 2002), ADV variants circulating in wild boar seem to be perfectly host adapted (Pannwitz et al, 2012), resulting in more latent or subclinical infections with reduced virus excretion due to very low virulence (Müller et al, 2001(Müller et al, , 2011. Only spontaneous reactivation results in the formation of infectious virions, which are shed and may infect adjacent susceptible animals (Mettenleiter et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal analysis of the progression of Aujeszky’s disease virus infection in wild boar of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Aujeszky's disease (AD, pseudorabies) is a notifiable disease caused by Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), also named pseudorabies virus (PrV). The study aimed at determining the occurrence and spatio-temporal trend of specific antibodies to AD virus (ADV) among wild boar of Saxony-Anhalt, a landlocked federal state situated in the western part of eastern Germany. To this end, a total of 7,209 blood samples were collected and tested from 2000 to 2011. An average seroprevalence of 6.8% was found for the entire observation period, whilst seroprevalence increased significantly between time periods January 2000-March 2009 (n = 3,605; prevalence = 4.5%) and March 2009-December 2011 (n = 3,604; prevalence = 9.1%). Spatial analysis revealed an extremely heterogenous distribution of seropositive samples with cluster formation [relative risk (RR) up to 41, P = 0.001] in the east. A comparison of spatial clusters between the aforementioned time intervals showed an expansion of the disease in the north to north-westerly direction. A test for spatial shift involving the entire territory of Saxony-Anhalt detected a spread of ADV infection in the latter direction (P = 0.079) at the average speed of 3.3 km/year. Detailed study of the distribution and spread of the disease among wild boar, including assessment of the speed of spatial spread, has not been done in the region before. Saxony-Anhalt has been officially recognised as being free of AD in domestic pigs since 1996. Despite increasing ADV seroprevalences in the wild boar population of Saxony-Anhalt and other federal states in the east of Germany, no spill-over to domestic pigs have been reported. The currently implemented monitoring will be continued in conjunction with surveillance of classical swine fever (CSF) to further trace ADV infections in the wild boar population of Saxony-Anhalt.

show abstract

Experimental infection of European wild boars and domestic pigs with pseudorabies viruses with differing virulence

Abstract: European wild boars are susceptible to transmission of PrV infection from domestic pigs and vice-versa. The PrV isolate BFW1 is of low virulence and seems to be adapted to the wild boar population from which it was isolated.

Cited by 45 publications

References 21 publications

SEROLOGIC, MOLECULAR, AND PATHOLOGIC SURVEY OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS INFECTION IN HUNTED WILD BOARS (SUS SCROFA) IN ITALY

SEROLOGIC, MOLECULAR, AND PATHOLOGIC SURVEY OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUS INFECTION IN HUNTED WILD BOARS (SUS SCROFA) IN ITALY

Epidemiological risk factors of Aujeszky’s disease in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and domestic pigs in Spain

Spatio-temporal analysis of the progression of Aujeszky’s disease virus infection in wild boar of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About