Experimental infection of cattle and goats with a foot-and-mouth disease virus isolate from the 2010 epidemic in Japan

Onozato, Hiroyuki; Fukai, Katsuhiko; Kitano, Rie; Yamazoe, Reiko; Morioka, Kazuki; Yamada, Manabu; Ohashi, Seiichi; Yoshida, Kazuo; Kanno, Toru

doi:10.1007/s00705-014-2135-y

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although this factor seems to be slightly over‐estimated in the consensus network, the importance as a risk factor was not changed in the analysis of the possible networks. When animals are infected by FMDV, clinical onset precedes virus‐shedding (Alexandersen, Quan, Murphy, Knight, & Zhang, ; Fukai, Morioka, & Yoshida, ; Onozato et al, ). Thus, secondary transmission is more likely to occur when notification is delayed, and such delays can potentially cause major economic and other impacts in FMD outbreaks (Carpenter, O'Brien, Hagerman, & McCarl, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Hayama

Firestone

Stevenson

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Research aimed at understanding transmission networks, representing a network of "who infected whom" for an infectious disease outbreak, have been actively conducted in recent years. Transmission network models incorporating epidemiological and genetic data are valuable for elucidating disease transmission pathways. In this study, we reconstructed the transmission network of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in Japan in 2010, and explored farm-level risk factors associated with increased risk of secondary transmission. A published, systematic Bayesian transmission network model was applied to epidemiological data of 292 infected farms and whole genome sequence data of 104 of the infected farms. This model can make inferences for known infected farms even lacking genetic data. After estimating the consensus network, the accuracy of the network was examined by comparison with epidemiological data. Then, risk factors inferred to have been sources of secondary transmission were explored using zero-inflated Poisson regression model. As far as we are aware, this study represents the largest FMD outbreak transmission network to be published by such means combining epidemiological and genetic data. The consensus network reasonably generated the epidemiological links, which were estimated from the actual epidemiological investigation. Among 292 farms, 101 farms (35%) were inferred to have been the sources of secondary transmission, and amongst these farms, the median number of secondary cases was 2 (min:1-max:18) farms. The farm-type (small and large -sized pig farms), the number of days from onset to notification, and the number of susceptible farms within a 1-km radius were significantly associated with secondary transmission. Transmission network modelling enabled inference of the connections between infected farms during the FMD epidemic and identified important factors for controlling the risk of secondary transmission. This study demonstrated that the predominant susceptible species held on a farm, farm size, and animal density were associated with increased onwards transmission. K E Y W O R D S foot-and-mouth disease, Japan, secondary transmission, transmission network, zero-inflated Poisson model | 2075 HAYAMA et Al. S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. How to cite this article: Hayama Y, Firestone SM, Stevenson MA, et al. Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Japan. Transbound Emerg

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Hayama

Firestone

Stevenson

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…An FMDV isolate, which was isolated in the 2010 epidemic in Japan, was used in the experimental infections in our study (isolate O/JPN/2010-1/14C). 4 6,10 Brief details of these experiments are as follows. For experiment 2, two 6-month-old Holstein cattle, which were housed in separate cubicles, were inoculated with 1 ml of 10 6.2 TCID 50 of O/JPN/2010-1/14C by an intradermal route.…”

Section: Research-article2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative performance of fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-α_vβ₆ for Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolation

et al. 2015

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The fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and the fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-α(v)β(6) have been reported to have high sensitivity to various Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains. The suitability of ZZ-R 127 cells for FMDV isolation not only from epithelial suspensions but also from other clinical samples has already been confirmed in a previous study. However, to our knowledge, the suitability of LFBK-α(v)β(6) cells has not been evaluated using clinical samples other than epithelial materials. In addition, both cell lines have never been compared, in terms of use for FMDV isolation, under the same conditions. Therefore, in the current study, the virus isolation rates of both cell lines were compared using clinical samples collected from animals infected experimentally with FMDV. Viruses were successfully isolated from clinical samples other than epithelial suspensions for both cell lines. The virus isolation rates for the 2 cell lines were not significantly different. The Cohen kappa coefficients between the virus isolation results for both cell lines were significantly high. Taken together, these results confirmed the suitability of LFBK-α(v)β(6) cells for FMDV isolation from clinical samples other than epithelial suspensions. The levels of susceptibility of both cell lines to FMDV isolation were also confirmed to be almost the same.

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“…SVDV, VSV, and BRBV RNAs were not detectably amplified. Thus, diagnosis using only the RT-PCR assay with FM8/9 can lead to misidentification; however, the present RT-PCR method did not amplify BRAV genes from sera, saliva, or nasal samples 0 dpi of 32 Holstein cows (age >3 months) in the animal experiments by our institute (Table 5) (15). Further, the diagnosis of FMD in practice is determined using RT-PCR, rRT-PCR, virus isolation, nucleotide sequencing, serological tests, and epidemiological data that includes clinical signs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Reverse transcription-PCR using a Primer Set Targeting the 3D Region Detects Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus with High Sensitivity

Nishi

Kanno

Shimada

et al. 2018

Preprint

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12Because foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has the potential to spread extensively, methods used for its 13 diagnosis must be rapid and accurate. Therefore, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) plays an important 14 diagnostic role. Here we designed the primer set FM8/9 to amplify 644 bases of the conserved 3D region of 15 all seven serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV). We compared the performance of RT-PCR assays using FM8/9 16 with that using the primer set 1F/R targeting the 5'-UTR described in the manual of the World Organization 17for Animal Health. The detection limits of the RT-PCR assays were determined for 14 strains representing all 18 serotypes. Compared with the sensitivities of the RT-PCR assay using 1F/R, those using FM8/9 were 10 1 -to 19 10 4 -fold higher for eight strains. To assess the validity of the methods for analyzing clinical samples, sera and 20 saliva samples from pigs and cows infected with FMDV were collected daily and analyzed using the two PCR 21 assays. The FM8/9 assay detected FMDV from all infected pigs and cows for longer times compared with the 22 1F/R assay, therefore revealing higher sensitivity for the clinical samples. Our results suggest that the FM8/9 23 RT-PCR assay is highly sensitive and is therefore suitable for the diagnosis of FMD. 24 25

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Experimental infection of cattle and goats with a foot-and-mouth disease virus isolate from the 2010 epidemic in Japan

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Comparative performance of fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-α_vβ₆ for Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolation

Reverse transcription-PCR using a Primer Set Targeting the 3D Region Detects Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus with High Sensitivity

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Experimental infection of cattle and goats with a foot-and-mouth disease virus isolate from the 2010 epidemic in Japan

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Reconstructing a transmission network and identifying risk factors of secondary transmissions in the 2010 foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreak in Japan

Comparative performance of fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-αvβ6 for Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolation

Reverse transcription-PCR using a Primer Set Targeting the 3D Region Detects Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus with High Sensitivity

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Comparative performance of fetal goat tongue cell line ZZ-R 127 and fetal porcine kidney cell line LFBK-α_vβ₆ for Foot-and-mouth disease virus isolation