Experimental infection of calves with an apparently specific goat-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Saxegaard, Finn

doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(08)80120-x

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Findings from earlier reports on experimental infection with M. ap from different host sources [13], [14] could not generalized to cross species natural infections under field conditions. Fortunately, several assays for genotyping M. ap were developed to examine the interspecies transmission of M. ap among domesticated animals [15], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Emerging Infection with Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in the Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

et al. 2012

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ( M. ap ) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis or Johne's disease (JD) in herbivores with potential involvement in cases of Crohn's disease in humans. JD is spread worldwide and is economically important for both beef and dairy industries. Generally, pathogenic ovine strains ( M. ap -S) are mainly found in sheep while bovine strains ( M. ap -C) infect other ruminants (e.g. cattle, goat, deer), as well as sheep. In an effort to characterize this emerging infection in dromedary/Arabian camels, we successfully cultured M. ap from several samples collected from infected camels suffering from chronic, intermittent diarrhea suggestive of JD. Gene-based typing of isolates indicated that all isolates belong to sheep lineage of strains of M. ap ( M. ap -S), suggesting a putative transmission from infected sheep herds. Screening sheep and goat herds associated with camels identified the circulation of this type in sheep but not goats. The current genome-wide analysis recognizes these camel isolates as a sub-lineage of the sheep strain with a significant number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between sheep and camel isolates (∼1000 SNPs). Such polymorphism could represent geographical differences among isolates or host adaptation of M. ap during camel infection. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to examine the genomic basis of this emerging infection in camels with implications on the evolution of this important pathogen. The sequenced genomes of M. ap isolates from camels will further assist our efforts to understand JD pathogenesis and the dynamic of disease transmission across animal species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Emerging Infection with Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in the Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

et al. 2012

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“…Fecal shedding was minimal but this was expected in a short-term experimental infection (Williams et al, 1983;Saxegaard, 1990). Culture of M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immune Responses After Oral Inoculation of Weanling Bison or Beef Calves With a Bison or Cattle Isolate of Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis

Stabel

Palmer

Whitlock³

2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Paratuberculosis is endemic in domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. We designed the following study to compare host immune responses and pathologic changes in beef calves and bison calves after challenge with either a cattle or bison (Bison bison) strain of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. In the first part of the study, six bison and six beef calves were orally inoculated with a cattle isolate of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis over a 2 wk period. In the second part, an additional six bison and six beef calves were similarly inoculated with a bison strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Throughout each of the studies, blood and fecal samples were taken monthly for a 6 mo infection period. Tissue samples were obtained at necropsy for culture and histopathologic analyses. Results from this study demonstrated that bison calves were more susceptible to tissue colonization than beef calves after challenge with the cattle isolate and, conversely, that beef calves were more susceptible to the bison strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Although lesions were minimal they were most apparent in the jejunum and distal ileum. Interferon-gamma (IFN-␥) responses were noted in some calves by 1 mo postinoculation and were sustained longer in beef calves after challenge with the bison isolate. Antibody was not detected in either beef or bison calves during the 6 mo infection period. These results indicate that the host response to strains of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis may differ between ruminant species.

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“…The serum was harvested and stored at Ϫ70 C until tested. A CFT was performed on the serum as described by Saxegaard 17 and tested in dilutions of 1 : 5, 1 : 10, and 1: 20. An indirect ELISA test was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, including the recommended performance controls (Herd Check Mpt Ab, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME).…”

Section: Antemortem Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,7,19 Most studies of experimental M. a. paratuberculosis infection have not focused on the early stages of the disease. 10,13,17,21 However, in studies where the time of infection was known, M. a. paratuberculosis has been detected in tissues as early as 30-45 days postinfection (PI). 11,12 The aim of the present study was to establish an experimental infection with M. a. paratuberculosis in goat kids and to compare the localization and nature of early histopathologic lesions with the results of bacteriologic examination and other diagnostic tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Isolation, Immunological Response, and Histopathological Lesions during the Early Subclinical Phase of Experimental Infection of Goat Kids with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

O¹,

Saxegaard

et al. 1999

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. The diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection is difficult, especially in the early stages of disease. This is due to the long incubation period, the variable lag phase associated with bacterial proliferation, and the multifocal distribution of slowly developing lesions. There are few previous studies of the early stages of experimental paratuberculosis in goats. In the present study, the ability of conventional diagnostic methods to detect M. a. paratuberculosis infection during the early stages of infection was assessed. Eight goat kids were experimentally infected with M. a. paratuberculosis and subjected to a series of immunological and bacteriological tests before being euthanatized at various times postinfection. At postmortem examination, the ages of the kids ranged from 1½ to 12 months. Of the eight goats infected, three had histopathological evidence of paratuberculosis. Two of these goats were positive with bacteriology, but only one was also positive with all immunological tests. One animal had a positive immunological response, but infection could not be demonstrated by bacteriologic or histopathologic examination. Histopathologic lesions were found in the jejunum, in the ileum, and in one mesenteric lymph node, but only the mesenteric lymph nodes and one retropharyngeal lymph node gave positive results following bacteriologic culture. The disparity between the localization of histopathologic lesions and bacteriologic results emphasizes the need for exhaustive sampling to confirm a diagnosis during the early phase of an infection. It also highlights the need for a better understanding of the biology of M. a. paratuberculosis and its interaction with the immune system of the host.

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Experimental infection of calves with an apparently specific goat-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Emerging Infection with Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in the Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Emerging Infection with Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in the Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Immune Responses After Oral Inoculation of Weanling Bison or Beef Calves With a Bison or Cattle Isolate of Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis

Bacterial Isolation, Immunological Response, and Histopathological Lesions during the Early Subclinical Phase of Experimental Infection of Goat Kids with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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