Experimental infection of calves with  Haemonchus placei  or  Haemonchus contortus : Assessment of clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological characteristics of abomasums

Fávero, Flávia Carolina; Cruz, Breno Cayeiro; Felippelli, Gustavo; Maciel, W. J.; Salatta, Bruna; Siniscalchi, Débora; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti; Teixeira, Weslen Fabrício Pires; Soares, Vando Edésio; Oliveira, Gilson Pereira de; Costa, Alvimar José da

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2016.09.017

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similarly, parasitisism of the gastrointestinal track is a common cause of blood loss anemia in ruminants as in other species. Different parasitic phyla have been identified as causative agents of anemia such as nematodes in small ruminants (Baldissera et al, 2015;Bordoloi et al, 2012;Vatta et al, 2002) and in cattle (Favero et al, 2016;Van Aken et al, 1997) with Haemonchus contortus referred as the most common species causing blood loss anemia as well as trematodes including Fasciola hepatica in small ruminants (Saleh, 2008;Maltinez-Moreno et al, 1997;Knight, 1980) and in cattle (Lotfollahzadeh et al, 2008;Ross et al, 1966) and Paramphistomum cervi, as well (Dorny et al, 2011). In severe cases of winter dysentery, a disease with unconfirmed causative agent, fresh blood clots have been reported to be evidenced in the feces of affected calves (Divers and Peek, 2008).…”

Section: Hemorrhagic Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

Katsogiannou

Athanasiou

Christodoulopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Anemia in ruminants is an abnormal condition characterized by the decrease of the hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume, PCV), the mass of erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells, RBCs) and/or hemoglobin. Anemia is classified as hemolytic, hemorrhagic or anemia caused by the decreased production of erythrocytes; the first two categories are characterized by a regenerative response. Hemorrhagic anemia can be caused by ectoparasites or parasites of the gastrointestinal system, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome, abomasal ulcers, vena cava thrombosis as well as from the genitourinary tract. In addition, primary and secondary hemostatic disorders can be accompanied by hemorrhagic anemia. Hemoparasites, toxins produced from Clostridium perfringens type D and Clostridium hemolyticum and leptospirosis are some of the causes of hemolytic anemia. Furthermore, certain plants, drugs or heavy metals and lack of certain trace elements can cause hemolysis. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia has also been reported in ruminants. The reduced production of erythrocytes can be caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 or iron, as well as by chronic diseases. Pathologic conditions of bone marrow like inflammatory or neoplastic cells filtration and hypoplasia or aplasia of bone marrow are related to reduced production of erythrocytes. After laboratory confirmation by complete blood count analysis, history taking, clinical examination of the animal and specific test depending on the case, are required for the diagnostic approach of anemia and especially for etiological diagnosis. Tachycardia, tachypnea, icterus, mucosal pallor as well as specific symptoms of the underlying disease are observed during the clinical examination of the animal. FAMACHA technique is widely used for the clinical diagnosis and the assessment of the severity of anemia. With respect to complete blood count, apart from the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocytes indices as Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) are contributing to the classification of anemia. The size and the shape of the erythrocytes, the appearance of inclusions and reticulocytes, which are indicative of regenerative anemia, are evaluated in blood smear. Rarely, examination of bone marrow is carried out, for the differentiation of anemia as regenerative or non-regenerative. In particular, the confirmation of immune- mediate anemia is based on Coomb’s test for the detection of autoagglutination. Except from hemorrhage, blood loss is detected at urinalysis or feces microscopy for the presence of blood and/or parasites. Finally, serological and molecular techniques for the detection of infectious agents, as well as specific toxicological analysis are performed in various biological materials.

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Section: Hemorrhagic Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

Katsogiannou

Athanasiou

Christodoulopoulos

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…Haemonchosis is a disease caused by the nematode H. contortus mainly as a result of its blood-feeding habit and the invasion process exacerbating inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, H. contortus is a highly prevalent (> 80%) disease in tropical and temperate regions (Favero et al 2016; Besier et al 2016; Ruiz-Huidobro et al 2019). Therefore, grazing ruminants are frequently treated with anthelmintics in order to decrease GIN infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of P-gp genes relative expression associated to ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus larval stages from in vitro cultures (L₃ and xL₃) and from gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) (L₄) as models of study

Reyes-Guerrero,

Higuera-Piedrahita,

Maza-Lopez

et al. 2024

J. Helminthol.

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The aim of the study was to compare the relative gene expression of Haemonchus contortus P-glycoprotein genes (Hco-pgp) between fourth (L4), infective (L3), and transitory infective (xL3) larval stages as laboratory models to study ivermectin (IVM) resistance. The H. contortus resistant to IVM (IVMr) and susceptible to IVM (IVMs) strains were used to develop xL3in vitro culture and to infect Meriones unguiculatus (gerbils) to collect L4 stages. Morphometric differences were evaluated from 25 individuals of H. contortus from each strain. Relative gene expression from xL3 and L4 was determined between comparison of IVMr stages and from IVMr vs IVMs stages. Seven Hco-pgp genes (1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 16) were analysed by RT-qPCR using L3 stage as control group, per strain, and GAPDH and β-tubulin as constitutive genes. Morphological changes were confirmed between xL3 and L4 developing oral shape, oesophagus, and intestinal tube. In addition, the body length and width showed statistical differences (p < 0.05). The Hco-pgp1, 2, 3, and 4 genes (p < 0.05) were upregulated from 7.1- to 463.82-fold changes between IVMr stages, and Hco-pgp9 (13.12-fold) and Hco-pgp10 (13.56-fold) genes showed differences between L4 and xL3, respectively. The comparative study between IVMr vs IVMs strains associated to xL3 and L4 displayed significant upregulation for most of the Hco-pgp genes among 4.89–188.71 fold-change. In conclusion, these results suggest the use of H. contortus xL3 and L4 as suitable laboratory models to study IVMr associated with Hco-pgp genes to contribute to the understanding of anthelmintic resistance.

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“…Estudios experimentales con infecciones establecidas de larvas con la especie H. contortus, han demostrado que el número de larvas capaces de instaurarse y llegar a completar el ciclo es mucho menor en bovinos que en ovinos (7,16 vs 28,8%); por ello se considera a los bovinos mucho más resistentes para dicha especie de Haemonchus que los pequeños rumiantes 13 . Sin embargo, ambas especies de Haemonchus (contortus y placei) son igual de patógenas en terneros por presentar tasas de infección similares de alrededor del 7% 8,9 , y existen reportes que implican al H. contortus en casos de mortalidad en terneros 15,23 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Aunque el conteo de huevos por gramo de heces (HPG) ha sido el parámetro más usado en la mayoría de estudios, no se correlacionan bien con la carga parasitaria y un animal con gastroenteritis parasitaria puede estar eliminando desde varios cientos hasta miles de HPG. De igual manera, tampoco se han establecido umbrales de HPG que produzcan perdidas subclínicas por reducción en la ganancia de peso 26 , si bien MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y ZOOTECNIA en un estudio experimental reciente se observó que terneros con cargas moderadas entre 200-700 HPG y que no produjeron alteraciones hematológicas ni clínicas, sí tenían menor ganancia de peso que en los animales no infectados 8,9 . A pesar de no existir evidencias claras para establecer umbrales de HPG, varios autores han establecido niveles arbitrarios para clasificar el grado de infecciones mixtas por trichostrongylidos en: leves (<200 HPG), moderadas (200-700 HPG) y altas (>700 HPG) 20,22 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Haemonchosis en una ternera raza Brahman en el trópico alto del Nordeste Antioqueño

Villar

López-Osorio

GiraÍdo-ZuÍuaga³

et al. 2018

Ces. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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La haemonchosis es una parasitosis que, en bovinos, a diferencia de los pequeños rumiantes, raramente causa mortalidad. No obstante, cargas parasitarias que normalmente son subclínicas en terneros bien alimentados, pueden convertirse en clínicas causando la muerte, cuando la condición corporal es pobre. Este reporte describe un caso de haemonchosis fatal en un ternero Brahman de 7 meses y el resultado del tratamiento con albendazol (10 mg/kg PO) en 17 terneros congéneres.La finca es de cría y levante de ganado de carne y está ubicada en el trópico alto, en el municipio de Yarumal, Antioquia, a una altura de 2.353 m.s.n.m y una temperatura promedio de 14 ºC. En la producción no reportan plan sanitario adicional a la vacunación contra aftosa. El diagnóstico se sospechó inicialmente con base en observaciones clínico-patológicas de una anemia severa con hipoproteinemia de etiología noinflamatoria, y se confirmó en el examen post-mortem por la presencia de cientos denematodos adultos de Haemonchus spp. en el abomaso, y un recuento de 19.200 huevos por gramo (HPG) de heces de trichostrongylidos. El coprocultivo de heces mostró que el 70, 20, y 10% de dichos huevos pertenecían a especies de Haemonchus, Coperia,y otros géneros de nematodos, respectivamente. El tratamiento con albendazol fueeficaz reduciendo las cargas parasitarias en los 17 terneros tratados desde niveles moderados (200-700 HPG) y altos (>700 HPG), a niveles bajos (16-100 HPG). Se redujo por completo la infección en la mitad de los animales tratados y solo estuvo por debajo del 90% en 3 animales. Debido a que la media del porcentaje de reducción de huevos fue del 95% se deduce que no existe resistencia al albendazol. En conclusión,este caso revela que la haemonchosis en terneros debe incluirse dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de mortalidad en el trópico colombiano y la realización de necropsias y exámenes coprológicos periódicos son imprescindibles para poder instaurar medidas preventivas y de control de dichas parasitosis.

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Experimental infection of calves with Haemonchus placei or Haemonchus contortus : Assessment of clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological characteristics of abomasums

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

Analysis of P-gp genes relative expression associated to ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus larval stages from in vitro cultures (L₃ and xL₃) and from gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) (L₄) as models of study

Haemonchosis en una ternera raza Brahman en el trópico alto del Nordeste Antioqueño

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Experimental infection of calves with Haemonchus placei or Haemonchus contortus : Assessment of clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological characteristics of abomasums

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

Diagnostic approach of anemia in ruminants

Analysis of P-gp genes relative expression associated to ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus larval stages from in vitro cultures (L3 and xL3) and from gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) (L4) as models of study

Haemonchosis en una ternera raza Brahman en el trópico alto del Nordeste Antioqueño

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Analysis of P-gp genes relative expression associated to ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus larval stages from in vitro cultures (L₃ and xL₃) and from gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) (L₄) as models of study