Experimental infection of Australian anurans (Limnodynastes terraereginae and Litoria latopalmata) with Bohle iridovirus

Pathology, Isolation, and Preliminary Molecular Characterization of a Novel Iridovirus From Tiger Salamanders in Saskatchewan

“…The most severe lesions were observed in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lymphoid, and hematopoietic tissue. Lesions, including the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions, were similar to those described for other iridovirus diseases such as epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) infection which affects wild redfin perch and farmed rainbow trout in Australia (Reddacliff and Whittington, 1996) and Bohle iridovirus infecting 4 frog species in Australia (Speare and Smith, 1992;Cullen et al, 1995). Acute necrotizing myocarditis as seen with EHNV infections was not observed in RRV infections.…”

“…Iridoviruses have been also recognized as the cause of mortality in frogs in the United States (Granoff et al, 1965) and Australia (Speare and Smith, 1992;Cullen et al, 1995) and in the Sonoran tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) of the southwestern United States (Jancovich et al, 1997). Cunningham et al (1996) identified an iridovirus-like particle in common frogs (Rana temporaria) dying of ''red-leg'' in Britain and hypothesized that natural outbreaks of 'red-leg' may be caused by iridovirus, with or without infection by opportunistic pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila.…”

Ranavirus Ecology and Evolution: From Epidemiology to Extinction

“…There are a growing number of experimental studies investigating the relative susceptibility of amphibian species to ranavirus infection and disease (Cullen et al 1995 ;Cullen and Owens 2002 ;Schock et al 2008 ;Hoverman et al 2010Hoverman et al , 2011Haislip et al 2011 ). Until the recent studies by Brenes et al ( 2014a , b ), comparative studies involving reptiles were generally lacking, and those involving fi sh are largely restricted to EHNV (Becker et al 2013 ;Langdon 1989 ; but see Brenes et al 2014b ).…”

“…In addition to the frequent observation that juveniles are more susceptible to ranavirus infections than adults (Cullen et al 1995 ;Ariel 1997 ;Cullen and Owens 2002 ;Bang Jensen et al 2011b ), hosts may become vulnerable to ranavirus infections at certain development stages that coincide with the summer months. In amphibians, die-off events from ranaviruses have often been reported in individuals near to or undergoing metamorphosis (Speare and Smith 1992 ;Green and Converse 2005 ;Greer et al 2005 ).…”

Distribution and Host Range of Ranaviruses

“…Using sequences from the major capsid protein, BIV was determined to be most closely related to Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), a fi sh ranavirus that had also been isolated in Australia (Hyatt et al 2000 ). Subsequent experimentation showed that BIV was pathogenic in additional species of Australian anurans and was involved in mortality events in captive and wild settings (Cullen et al 1995 ;Cullen and Owens 2002 ).…”