Experimental Infection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes, Suckling Mice, and Rats with Four Mosquito Spiroplasmas

Vazeille-Falcoz, M; Perchec-Merien, Anne-Marie; Rodhain, F

doi:10.1006/jipa.1994.1007

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…5 and supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online). Two sets of genes are of particular interest because of the differences in pathogenicity toward mosquitoes observed in previous artificial infection experiments (Chastel and Humphery-Smith 1991; Humphery-Smith, Grulet, Chastel, et al 1991; Humphery-Smith, Grulet, Le Goff, et al 1991; Vorms-Le Morvan et al 1991; Vazeille-Falcoz et al 1994; Phillips and Humphery-Smith 1995). For the two species without apparent pathogenicity (i.e., S. diminutum and S. sabaudiense ), they were found to share murP and murQ for the uptake and utilization of N -acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and nrdD for the conversion of CTP to dCTP (Fontecave et al 1989).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5), glycerol metabolism and the associated production of ROS are likely to be linked to the observed pathogenicity of S. culicicola and S. taiwanense in artificial infection experiments (Chastel and Humphery-Smith 1991; Humphery-Smith, Grulet, Chastel et al 1991; Humphery-Smith, Grulet, Le Goff, et al 1991; Vazeille-Falcoz et al 1994; Phillips and Humphery-Smith 1995). Our examination of the chromosomal locations of these glycerol metabolism genes revealed that the gene order of glpF-glpO-glpK is largely conserved among the Spiroplasma species with complete genome sequences available (fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Because of the interests in developing these mosquito-associated bacteria for biological control of insect pests, a series of artificial infection experiments have been performed to examine the pathogenicity of these Spiroplasma species (Chastel and Humphery-Smith 1991; Humphery-Smith, Grulet, Chastel, et al 1991; Humphery-Smith, Grulet, Le Goff, et al 1991; Vorms-Le Morvan et al 1991; Vazeille-Falcoz et al 1994; Phillips and Humphery-Smith 1995). Based on these results, infection by S. taiwanense or S. culicicola increased the mortality of mosquitoes, no significant effect was found for the infection by S. diminutum or S. sabaudiense , while the effects of S. cantharicola infection remained to be tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One main finding from this pairwise genome comparison is that S. taiwanense has a copy of glpO encoding a glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) oxidase, while S. diminutum does not. Because this gene is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the presence of this gene in the S. taiwanense genome provides an explanation for the observation of tissue damage (Phillips and Humphery-Smith 1995) and increased mortality (Humphery-Smith, Grulet, Chastel, et al 1991; Humphery-Smith, Grulet, Le Goff, et al 1991; Vazeille-Falcoz et al 1994) in infected hosts. Moreover, functional characterizations have provided experimental evidence that this gene is the main virulence factor in the closely related Mycoplasma mycoides (Pilo et al 2005, 2007) and the more distantly related M. pneumoniae (Hames et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Evolution of the Substrate Utilization Strategies and Putative Virulence Factors in Mosquito-Associated Spiroplasma Species

Chang

et al. 2014

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Comparative genomics provides a powerful tool to characterize the genetic differences among species that may be linked to their phenotypic variations. In the case of mosquito-associated Spiroplasma species, such approach is useful for the investigation of their differentiations in substrate utilization strategies and putative virulence factors. Among the four species that have been assessed for pathogenicity by artificial infection experiments, Spiroplasma culicicola and S. taiwanense were found to be pathogenic, whereas S. diminutum and S. sabaudiense were not. Intriguingly, based on the species phylogeny, the association with mosquito hosts and the gain or loss of pathogenicity in these species appears to have evolved independently. Through comparison of their complete genome sequences, we identified the genes and pathways that are shared by all or specific to one of these four species. Notably, we found that a glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase gene (glpO) is present in S. culicicola and S. taiwanense but not in S. diminutum or S. sabaudiense. Because this gene is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species and has been demonstrated as a major virulence factor in Mycoplasma, this distribution pattern suggests that it may be linked to the observed differences in pathogenicity among these species as well. Moreover, through comparative analysis with other Spiroplasma, Mycoplasma, and Mesoplasma species, we found that the absence of glpO in S. diminutum and S. sabaudiense is best explained by independent losses. Finally, our phylogenetic analyses revealed possible recombination of glpO between distantly related lineages and local rearrangements of adjacent genes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Evolution of the Substrate Utilization Strategies and Putative Virulence Factors in Mosquito-Associated Spiroplasma Species

Chang

et al. 2014

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…2014). Through artificial infection experiments (Chastel and Humphery-Smith 1991; Humphery-Smith, Grulet and Chastel 1991; Vazeille-Falcoz, Perchec-Merien and Rodhain 1994; Phillips and Humphery-Smith 1995), it has been established that Sp. culicicola and Sp.…”

Section: Recent Progress In Facultative Insect Symbiontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winding paths to simplicity: genome evolution in facultative insect symbionts

Huang

Kuo

2016

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

100

110

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Symbiosis between organisms is an important driving force in evolution. Among the diverse relationships described, extensive progress has been made in insect–bacteria symbiosis, which improved our understanding of the genome evolution in host-associated bacteria. Particularly, investigations on several obligate mutualists have pushed the limits of what we know about the minimal genomes for sustaining cellular life. To bridge the gap between those obligate symbionts with extremely reduced genomes and their non-host-restricted ancestors, this review focuses on the recent progress in genome characterization of facultative insect symbionts. Notable cases representing various types and stages of host associations, including those from multiple genera in the family Enterobacteriaceae (class Gammaproteobacteria), Wolbachia (Alphaproteobacteria) and Spiroplasma (Mollicutes), are discussed. Although several general patterns of genome reduction associated with the adoption of symbiotic relationships could be identified, extensive variation was found among these facultative symbionts. These findings are incorporated into the established conceptual frameworks to develop a more detailed evolutionary model for the discussion of possible trajectories. In summary, transitions from facultative to obligate symbiosis do not appear to be a universal one-way street; switches between hosts and lifestyles (e.g. commensalism, parasitism or mutualism) occur frequently and could be facilitated by horizontal gene transfer.

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Plasmodium falciparum GPI toxin: A common foe for man and mosquito

Arrighi

Faye

2010

Acta Tropica

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Experimental Infection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes, Suckling Mice, and Rats with Four Mosquito Spiroplasmas

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Evolution of the Substrate Utilization Strategies and Putative Virulence Factors in Mosquito-Associated Spiroplasma Species

Molecular Evolution of the Substrate Utilization Strategies and Putative Virulence Factors in Mosquito-Associated Spiroplasma Species

Winding paths to simplicity: genome evolution in facultative insect symbionts

Plasmodium falciparum GPI toxin: A common foe for man and mosquito

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