Experimental infection model for Johne's disease using a lyophilised, pure culture, seedstock of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Begg, Douglas J.; Silva, Kumudika de; Fiore, Lyrissa Di; Taylor, Deborah; Bower, Katrina; Zhong, Ling; Kawaji, Satoko; Emery, D.L.; Whittington, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.007

Cited by 58 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Positive-and negative-control sheep sera were obtained from sheep from the University of Sydney that were in an independent experimental infection trial (34). The negative-control serum was obtained from a sheep not exposed to M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenicity of Recombinant Maltose Binding Protein-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Fusion Proteins with and without Factor Xa Cleaving

Gurung

Begg

Purdie

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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c Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants. Proteomic studies have shown that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis expresses certain proteins when exposed to in vitro physiological stress conditions similar to the conditions experienced within a host during natural infection. Such proteins are hypothesized to be expressed in vivo, are recognized by the host immune system, and may be of potential use in the diagnosis of JD. In this study, 50 recombinant maltose binding protein (MBP)-M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis fusion proteins were evaluated using serum samples from sheep infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and 29 (58%) were found to be antigenic. Among 50 fusion proteins, 10 were evaluated in MBP fusion and factor Xa-cleaved forms. A total of 31 proteins (62%) were found to be antigenic in either MBP fusion or factor Xa-cleaved forms. Antigenicity after cleavage and removal of the MBP tag was marginally enhanced.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenicity of Recombinant Maltose Binding Protein-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Fusion Proteins with and without Factor Xa Cleaving

Gurung

Begg

Purdie

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis sheep strain Telford 9.2 (passage level 5) was reconstituted from lyophilized stock and inoculated into a radiometric Bactec culture vial (Becton Dickinson) containing egg yolk and mycobactin J, cultured at 37°C for 2 to 3 weeks, and then subcultured on modified Middlebrook 7H10 agar slopes supplemented with mycobactin J for 6 weeks, as previously described (4,16). An M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Merino lambs obtained from JD-free farms were used in two separate experimental-infection trials (4). Lambs were obtained from the same farm, and all tested negative for M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trial A involved a comparison of three cohorts of sheep: 20 unexposed control sheep, 20 sheep inoculated at 3 to 4 months of age with an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis sheep strain (Telford 9.2), and 20 sheep inoculated at 3 to 4 months with gut homogenate from a clinically infected sheep (4,16 Blood and fecal samples were collected from naturally infected animals and age-matched controls prior to necropsy. Animals in experimental-infection trials were sampled prior to inoculation and then every 1 to 4 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…paratuberculosis resides mainly in the gut mucosa and associated lymph nodes (LN), causing severe granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis, though dissemination in blood, milk, and peripheral tissues occurs at certain times during infection (7,14,23). Exposure, generally thought to occur at a young age, is followed by a long (Ͼ1-year) subclinical or latent phase that in a proportion of animals progresses to clinical disease, characterized by wasting, diarrhea, and death (4,13). The later stages of disease are associated with shedding of M. avium subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase, Tryptophan Catabolism, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a Model for Chronic Mycobacterial Infections

et al. 2011

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Virulent mycobacterial infections progress slowly, with a latent period that leads to clinical disease in a proportion of cases. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes paratuberculosis or Johne's disease (JD), a chronic intestinal disease of ruminants. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that regulates tryptophan metabolism, was originally reported to have a role in intracellular pathogen killing and has since been shown to have an important immunoregulatory role in chronic immune diseases. Here we demonstrate an association between increased IDO levels and progression to clinical mycobacterial disease in a natural host, characterizing gene expression, protein localization, and functional effects. IDO mRNA levels were significantly increased in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected monocytic cells. Levels of both IDO gene and protein expression were significantly upregulated within the affected tissues of sheep with JD, particularly at the site of primary infection, the ileum, of animals with severe multibacillary disease. Lesion severity was correlated with the level of IDO gene expression. IDO gene expression was also increased in the peripheral blood cells of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-exposed sheep and cattle. IDO breaks down tryptophan, and systemic increases were functional, as shown by decreased plasma tryptophan levels, which correlated with the onset of clinical signs, a stage well known to be associated with Th1 immunosuppression. IDO may be involved in downregulating immune responses to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other virulent mycobacteria, which may be an example of the pathogen harnessing host immunoregulatory pathways to aid survival. These findings raise new questions about the host-mycobacterium interactions in the progression from latent to clinical disease.

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A national serosurvey to determine the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle in Bhutan following detection of clinical cases

Gurung¹,

Begg

Whittington

2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Johne's disease is an economically important ruminant disease predominantly affecting cattle, sheep and goats. The economic losses are due to early culling, reduced growth rate, progressive weight loss and reduced production. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Johne's disease was reported in cattle in Bhutan, based on clinical signs and histopathology; in the late 1990s samples from one mithun that was suspected to have died due to this disease was confirmed by molecular testing at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Australia. However, no detailed study on prevalence of JD has been attempted in Bhutan. Objective of this study was to conduct serosurveillance to determine the national prevalence of Johne's disease in cattle for the period 2013–2014 to provide the basis for planning a future control strategy. A national serosurvey was conducted wherein a two‐stage sampling procedure was used with 95% confidence and an error level of ±0.05. The sample size required for the survey was calculated using the software‐Survey Toolbox for Livestock Diseases, available as Epitools at http://www.ausvet.com.au. A total of 1123 serum samples were collected from an administrative structure of 52 villages, 40 sub‐districts and 15 districts. Serum samples were tested using commercially available antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0. Illustration such as maps was produced using QGIS version 2.18 ‘Las Palmas. The mean national apparent prevalence of Johne's disease was found to be 2.31 (26/1123) (95% CI: 0.80–4.50) with an estimated true prevalence was found to be 8.00 (95% CI: 2.00–17.00). Trongsa district had the highest prevalence (12.96) followed by Zhemgang (4.34), Lhuntse (4.25), Sarpang (3.89), Bumthang (3.60), Trashigang (2.67) and Haa (2.63). Prevalence for all other districts was 2.00 or below. Seropositive samples were reported from all over the country with varying levels of sero‐positivity. In the recent past many more cattle were imported from India to boost dairy production. Nevertheless, the wide distribution of seroreactive JD cattle all over the country is a concern for future control. Therefore, in future, a detailed study on the impact of cattle import with regard to disease incursion such as Johne's disease and other diseases should be undertaken.

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Experimental infection model for Johne's disease using a lyophilised, pure culture, seedstock of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Cited by 58 publications

References 31 publications

Antigenicity of Recombinant Maltose Binding Protein-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Fusion Proteins with and without Factor Xa Cleaving

Antigenicity of Recombinant Maltose Binding Protein-Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Fusion Proteins with and without Factor Xa Cleaving

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase, Tryptophan Catabolism, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a Model for Chronic Mycobacterial Infections

A national serosurvey to determine the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle in Bhutan following detection of clinical cases

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