Experimental Inducibility of Supernumerary Phantom Limbs: A Series of Virtual Reality Experiments

Braun, Niclas; Berisha, Arbnor; Anders, David; Kannen, Kyra; Lux, Silke; Philipsen, Alexandra

doi:10.3389/frvir.2020.00012

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Implicit embodiment measures such as the proprioceptive drift (k = 8), somatosensory evoked potentials via electroencephalography (EEG) (k = 1), skin temperature (k = 1), the self-localization drift (k = 1), or the forearm bisection task (k = 1) were, in turn, used less often. Except for two studies in which skin temperature and EEG were obtained, no other physiological embodiment measures, such as the electrodermal fear response during artificial limb threatening [26][27][28] , were collected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, future BTI research should include different implicit measures to operationalize the illusion. One promising approach is recording the participant's electrodermal activity while the virtual hand is threatened by a virtual syringe, as implemented in some BTI studies 26,27,57 and using this physiological marker as another implicit measure of artificial hand embodiment.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it might also be interesting to explore whether more drastic changes in bodily self-awareness can be induced and investigated in future studies. For instance, the effect of a "supernumerary limb illusion", a modified RHI under which participants perceive more limbs than they physically possess 27,61 could provide additional insight. If SCZ is indeed primarily caused by a "disunity of consciousness" (in the sense of an increased separation of individual ego parts), individuals with SCZ-S should be particularly vulnerable to this modified RHI.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body transfer illusions in the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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Schizophrenia has been viewed as a disorder of the self. Accordingly, the question arises if and how senses of ownership and agency are impaired in schizophrenia. To address this question, several body transfer illusions (BTIs) have been investigated in schizophrenia patients and other schizophrenia spectrum (SCZ-S) populations. The objective of the study was to systematically review the current evidence from BTIs in the SCZ-S. A systematic literature search in PubMed and CENTRAL (search date: February 12, 2022) was conducted on BTI studies carried out in SCZ-S populations. Studies were included if they were published in English after peer review, reported original research data, related to the SCZ-S, and used a BTI as its study method. Conference papers, study protocols, and reviews were excluded. For each included BTI study, various study characteristics and outcomes were retrieved, and a risk-of-bias score was calculated based on six study quality criteria. K = 40 studies were identified, of which k = 20 studies met the eligibility criteria. For BTI paradigms using visuotactile stimulation, most studies found elevated sense of ownership ratings in SCZ-S populations compared to healthy controls (HC). Implicit illusion measures (e.g., proprioceptive drift), in turn, did not generally indicate elevated embodiment levels in SCZ-S populations. Likewise, no consistent group differences emerged between SCZ-S populations and HC with respect to BTI paradigms using visuomotor stimulation. Furthermore, BTI vividness was found to correlate significantly with core symptoms of schizophrenia and various subclinical characteristics related to the SCZ-S. In line with the self-disturbance hypothesis, SCZ-S populations appear to be affected by aberrations in bodily self-awareness. Review registration: PROSPERO (identifier: CRD42022287960).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body transfer illusions in the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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“…In accordance with previous studies (Armel and Ramachandran, 2003;Alimardani et al, 2013;Braun et al, 2020;Möller et al, 2020), EDA was recorded during the syringe applications to implicitly assess the participants' level of embodiment over the virtual hand. Following the previous studies, we expected that in the case of a successful integration of the virtual hand into one's own body scheme, a fear-evoking stimulus such as a syringe would trigger a physiologically-measurable fear response.…”

Section: Virtual Syringe Application and Eda Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of a successful illusion this should evoke a fear response measurable in the phasic parts of electrodermal activity. Figure adapted fromBraun et al (2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Induction of Micro- and Macrosomatognosia: A Virtual Hand Illusion Study

Anders

Berisha

Selaskowski

et al. 2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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Although body size misperceptions are known to occur under various neurological and psychiatric conditions, their neurocognitive underpinnings are not yet resolved. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to have an experimental paradigm, by which aberrant body misperceptions could be induced and systematically investigated. Expanding upon the “Virtual Hand Illusion” (VHI), this study aimed to design such a paradigm. Using a body-motion tracking system, we translated the participant's real hand position and movements to an embodiable, but resizable virtual hand model that we presented to the participants via a head-mounted display. The virtual hand's size was then systematically shrunk and enlarged in five different conditions (i.e., −50%, −25%, 0%, +25% or +50% rescaling). Applying this VHI derivate on n = 35 healthy participants, we investigated (1) if participants experience Sense of Ownership (SoO) and Sense of Agency (SoA) over a virtual hand that significantly deviates in size from their own hand, and (2) if by such size-deviant VHI induction, a change in their own hand size perception is also induced. Virtual hand embodiment was explicitly and implicitly assessed by means of self-report and EDA analysis. Questionnaire results revealed a stable SoA across all hand size conditions, while SoO parametrically decreased according to the hand scaling factor in either direction. Hand size perception, in turn, adapted according to the hand-scaling factor. In conclusion, the present study provides an important step toward an experimental paradigm that can induce and investigate aberrant body-size misperceptions.

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Phantom Signs – Hidden (Bio)Semiosis in the Human Body(?)

Prinz

2024

Biosemiotics

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Experimental Inducibility of Supernumerary Phantom Limbs: A Series of Virtual Reality Experiments

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Body transfer illusions in the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review

Body transfer illusions in the schizophrenia spectrum: a systematic review

Experimental Induction of Micro- and Macrosomatognosia: A Virtual Hand Illusion Study

Phantom Signs – Hidden (Bio)Semiosis in the Human Body(?)

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