Experimental impact of aspirin exposure on rat intestinal bacteria, epithelial cells and cell line

Abstract

<jats:p> Aspirin, a commonly used therapeutic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is known to cause gastric mucosal damage. Intestinal bacteria having a regulatory effect on intestinal homeostasis play significant role in NSAID-induced intestinal injury. Bacteria and specific cell lines are considered to be suitable for toxicity screening and testing of chemicals. Therefore, to evaluate and compare in vitro toxicity, cultures of rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), isolated bacteria and IEC-6 cell line were assessed for viability, morphometric analysis, membrane transport enzymes and structural constituents for membrane damage, dehydrogenase activity test for respiratory and energy producing processes and esterase activity test for intra- and extra-cellular degradation, following the post exposure to aspirin (0—50 µg mL<jats:sup>- 1</jats:sup>). Similar pattern of dose-dependent changes in these parameters were observed in three types of cells. Similar in situ effects on IEC validated the in vitro findings. These findings indicate that higher aspirin concentrations may alter cellular functions of IEC and gut bacteria. Furthermore, results suggest that gut bacteria and IEC-6 cell line can be used for the initial screening of gastrointestinal cellular toxicity caused by NSAIDs. </jats:p>

Randomised clinical study: oral aspirin 325 mg daily vs placebo alters gut microbial composition and bacterial taxa associated with colorectal cancer risk

“…However, the exact mechanisms through which aspirin reduces risk of colorectal neoplasia and the molecular targets of aspirin in the context of CRC prevention have not been established. Data from animal studies have revealed that aspirin influences the gut microbiome either indirectly via an immune mechanism or directly via a local effect 10‐14 . Moreover, it was shown in humans that aspirin and other salicylate may inhibit the growth of pro‐inflammatory bacteria in a dose‐dependent manner 15 .…”

The Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Beneficial Role for Probiotics and Prebiotics

“…The intake of high-dose paracetamol (>2 g per day) and/or NSAIDs for musculoskeletal pain [ 3 , 4 ] has adverse effects on GIT physiology and morphology further inducing GIT symptoms reported by these patients [ 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. GIT commensal microbial viability and growth may potentially be disrupted with the use of these medications, as demonstrated in animal and in vitro studies [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The association between GIT dysfunction, altered microbial profiles and the inconsistent clinical results for compounds such as glucosamine and green-lipped mussel extract in treating symptoms of OA has only recently been alluded to [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Bacteriocinogeny in experimental pigs treated with indomethacin andEscherichia coli Nissle

“…Aspirin and some NSAIDs, including indomethacin, influence intestinal bacteria [57][58][59][60] . Indomethacin might exert some impact on intestinal microbiota in our study, as there was an increase in breath methane after the treatment in 5/6 pigs from the indomethacin group.…”