Experimental hydrogen-fueled automotive engine design data-base project. Volume 1. Executive summary report

Abstract

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Progress toward an optimized hydrogen series hybrid engine

“…Homan measured 0.005 g of NOx per kwh of work produced using a spark-ignited hydrogen air mixture at equivalence ratio 0.38 (Ibid.). Das (Das 1990) measured the NOx emissions from another hydrogen-fueled research engine as a function of equivalence ratio at compression ratios up to 11:l and are consistent with the extensive measurements of Swain in an 8 5 1 CR engine (Swain et al 1983). Operation at premixed equivalence ratios that are too low will result in unburned hydrogen that can form hydrogen peroxide within the combustion chamber.…”

Advanced hydrogen utilization technology demonstration

“…Much research and development is needed to determine the best methods for hydrogen introduction and combustion in IC engines in order to create efficient hydrogen-fueled engines. Introducing hydrogen into IC engines is complicated because of its wide flammability range, low energy density by volume, and high flame speed (3,4,5,6).…”

“…As the equivalence ratio decreases, the tendency for the engine to knock is reduced along with the power output of the engine. The low volumetric energy density of the fuel also results in lower engine power output because of the displacement of air by the fuel during the intake stroke (3,5,6).…”

“…The introduction of the fuel after the intake valve closes actually supercharges the cylinder. However, knock is still a concern with this method of fuel introduction (3,5,6). One way to eliminate the knock problem is to inject the fuel under high pressure late in the compression stroke.…”

“…The spark ignition system requires a narrow equivalence ratio window in the spark plug gap in order to ignite the fuel. Therefore, spark ignition is dependent on injection timing, injection pressure, engine speed and load, the geometry of the injector and spark plug, and the mixing of hydrogen and air in the combustion chamber (4,6).…”