Experimental Human Exposure to Methylene Chloride

Stewart, Richard D.; Fisher, Terrance N.; Hosko, Michael J.; Peterson, Jack E.; Baretta, Edward D.; Dodd, Hugh C.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1972.10666184

Cited by 114 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, the rate of increase declined towards the end of the 2 h. This decline suggests that peak values were achieved in most cases. [Stewart et al (24,25) arrived at the same results in 1972.] It wasatlso found that the venous concentrations did not differ systematically from arterial concentrations.…”

Section: Metabolism Of Methylene Chloridesupporting

confidence: 69%

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Exposure to methylene chloride. I Its concentration in alveolar air and blood during rest and exercise and its metabolism.

Åstrand¹,

Övrum²,

Carlsson³

1975

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Exposure to methylene chloride. I Its concentration in alveolar air and blood during rest and exercise and its metabolism. by Åstrand I, Övrum P, Carlsson A 1 (1975) 78-94. Fourteen subjects were exposed to about 870 and 1,740 mg/m 3 of methylene chloride in the air during rest and physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The duration of each exposure period was 30 min. Each subject was exposed during four periods. The concentration of methylene chloride in the alveolar air increased in the beginning but had a tendency to level off at the end of each period. There was a high correlation between the alveolar and arterial concentration of methyLene chloride. The uptake of methylene chloride was about 55 Ofo of the supplied amount at rest, about 40 Ofo at a work load of 50 W, and about 30 and 35 Ofo at 100 and 150 W, respectively. The concentration of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) increased both during and after exposure. With exposure to 1,740 mg/m 3 a concentration of COHb in the blood of about 0.85 g/100 ml was reached. This value corresponds to about 5.5 % COHb.

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Section: Metabolism Of Methylene Chloridesupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In 1972, however, StewaI1t et ail. (24,25) found that thec;arbo~hemoglobin(COHb) concentI1ation in blood incr,eased ,in subjects eXlpos,ed £01" 1-2 h to 200-1,000 ppm of methylene chloride in iinspiI1atory atr. 'I\he authors assUiffied i1Jhat theca,rbon monoxide was a produot of the metabo!Lism of methyrlene ch!loride.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to methylene chloride. I Its concentration in alveolar air and blood during rest and exercise and its metabolism.

Åstrand¹,

Övrum²,

Carlsson³

1975

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Lightheadedness, headache, eye, nose and throat irritation, and nausea ( typically observed at 500 ppm ) could also occur in any of the closed rooms. Acute risks for individuals with heart disease are also high; these are of concern at concentrations as low as 250 ppm ( Stewart et al, 1972;ATSDR, 1993 ). Concentrations would have to be much higher ( above 8000 ppm ) for more serious acute effects to occur ( ATSDR, 1993 ).…”

Section: Effect Of User Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling methylene chloride exposure-reduction options for home paint-stripper users

Riley

Small

Fischhoff

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Home improvement is a popular activity, but one that can also involve exposure to hazardous substances. Paint stripping is of particular concern because of the high potential exposures to methylene chloride, a solvent that is a potential human carcinogen and neurotoxicant. This article presents a general methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for reducing these risks. It doubles as a model that assesses exposure patterns, incorporating user time ± activity patterns and risk -mitigation strategies. The model draws upon recent innovations in indoor air -quality modeling to estimate exposure through inhalation and dermal pathways to paint -stripper users. It is designed to use data gathered from home paint -stripper users about room characteristics, amount of stripper used, time ± activity patterns and exposure -reduction strategies ( e.g., increased ventilation and modification in the timing of stripper application, scraping, and breaks ) . Results indicate that the effectiveness of behavioral interventions depends strongly on characteristics of the room ( e.g., size, number and size of doors and windows, base air -exchange rates ) . The greatest simple reduction in exposure is achieved by using an exhaust fan in addition to opening windows and doors. These results can help identify the most important information for product labels and other risk -communication materials.

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“…There is concern about consumer exposure to CH 2 Cl 2 from these products, since CH 2 Cl 2 retained in inhalation is metabolized to carbon monoxide, which can lead to anoxic stress from elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin (Ratney et al, 1974;Stewart et al, 1972). In addition, a recent animal-inhalation laboratory study has associated increased incidence of carcinoma with exposure to CH 2 C1 2 (Peer Review Panel, National Toxicology Program Board of Scientific Councilors, 1985).…”

Section: Task One: Define the Potential Health Hazardmentioning

confidence: 99%