Experimental Human Exposure to Methyl Chloroform Vapor

Stewart, Richard D.; Gay, Harold H.; Schaffer, A. W.; Erley, D. S.; Rowe, V. K.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1969.10666870

Cited by 63 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our results agree with the experimental data of Stewart et al (20) and Salvini et al (17) and indicate the absence of a manifest neurotoxic effect of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in workers continuously exposed for 6 years to air concentrations ranging from 110 and 345 ppm. Only one worker studied by us (from group III) was exposed to higher levels (from 720 to 990 ppm), but she had normal neurophysiological findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…A mild sedative effect was reported by the DEG-Kommission (5) after repeated exposure to 500 ppm. On the other hand Stewart et al (20) and Salvini et al (17) observed no important changes in volunteers exposed respectively to 500 ppm for 7 h daily for 5 days and for 8 h for 1 day. Salvini et al did however detect a very mild impairment in the performance of the volunteers when they were engaged in a mental task.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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A clinical, neurophysiological and behavioral study of female workers exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Maroni¹,

Bulgheroni²,

Mg³

et al. 1977

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

A clinical, neurophysiological and behavioral study of female workers exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Maroni¹,

Bulgheroni²,

Mg³

et al. 1977

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…(TLV = 350 pprn = 1,900 mg/m3.) [Mackay et al, 1987;Stewart et al, 1969.1 Median AAL safety factor: 50.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of threshold limit values in U.S. air pollution policy

Robinson

Paxman

1992

American J Industrial Med

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This paper analyzes the role of threshold limit values (TLVs) in national air pollution policy during the 1980s, a period in which the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sought to delegate to individual states the authority to evaluate and regulate airborne toxic substances. We focus on 20 carcinogens and 11 substances with non‐genotoxic health effects that were regulated by local air toxics programs using TLVs. Data from EPA's National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse indicate that maximum TLV‐based Ambient Air Level guidelines (AALs) frequently exceed minimum TLV‐based AALs by a factor of > 1,000. Cancer potency data from EPA's Integrated Risk Information System suggest significant risks remain at TLV‐based AALs. Cancer risks at the median TLV‐based AAL exceed 1,000 cases per million exposed persons for cadmium (1,040), nickel and its compounds (1,420), propylene oxide (1,550), coke oven emissions (1,860), benzene (2,500), arsenic and its compounds (7,300), N‐nitrosodimethylamine (21,000), asbestos (21,500), and ethylene dibromide (55,000). We also summarize published studies that report non‐genotoxic health effects in workers exposed at levels near the TLV for 11 substances whose AALs were based on TLVs. Contrary to the assumption frequently made by state air toxics program, TLVs cannot be taken to represent no observed effect levels (NOELs) for regulatory purposes.

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“…Since the late 1960's behavioral performance tests have been used to assess the effects of neurotoxic occupational exposure in adult workers (Hanninen, 1966;Stewert, et al, 1968;Stewert, et al, 1969). The use of behavioral tests to assess workplace exposure has continued to increase and behavioral tests have become the most efficient methods (in terms of cost and time) to screen for adverse effects of neurotoxic exposures in adult workers (Anger, 2003;Anger, et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) for evaluating neurobehavioral performance in Filipino children

et al. 2008

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Neurobehavioral tests have long been used to assess health effects in exposed working adult populations. The heightened concern over the potential impact of environmental exposures on neurological functioning in children has led to the development of test batteries for use with children. There is a need for reliable, easy-to-administer batteries to assess neurotoxic exposure in children. One such test battery previously validated with Spanish-and English-speaking children ages 4 and older, combines computerized tests from the Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) with non-computerized tests. The goal of the present study was to determine the feasibility of using standardized neurobehavioral tests in preschool and school-aged Filipino children. Test instructions were translated into the vernacular, Tagalog or Tagalog-English ("Taglish") and some instructions and materials were modified to be appropriate for the target populations. The battery was administered to 4 to 6 year old Filipino children (N=50). The performance of the Filipino children was compared to data previously collected from Spanish-and English-speaking children tested in the US. The majority of children had no difficulty completing the tests in the battery with the exception of the Symbol-Digit test and Digit Span-reverse. The three groups showed similar patterns of performance on the tests and the older children performed better than the younger children on all of the tests. The findings from this study demonstrate the utility of using this test battery to assess cognitive and motor performance in Filipino children. Tests in the battery assess a range of functions and the measures are sensitive to age differences. The current battery has been utilized in several cultures and socio-economic status classes, with only minor modifications needed. This study demonstrates the importance of pilot testing the methods before use in a new population, to ensure that the test is valid for that culture.

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Experimental Human Exposure to Methyl Chloroform Vapor

Cited by 63 publications

References 11 publications

A clinical, neurophysiological and behavioral study of female workers exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

A clinical, neurophysiological and behavioral study of female workers exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

The role of threshold limit values in U.S. air pollution policy

Adaptation of the Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) for evaluating neurobehavioral performance in Filipino children

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