Experimental harvesting of fish populations drives genetically based shifts in body size and maturation

Wijk, S.; Taylor, Martin I.; Creer, Simon; Dreyer, Christine; Rodrigues, Fernanda M.; Ramnarine, Indar W.; Oosterhout, Cock van; Carvalho, Gary R.

doi:10.1890/120229

Cited by 102 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Our model predicts the evolution of increased growth capacity, a finding that might seem unexpected given earlier experiments (29,71,72) but is in agreement with model-based studies (22,23,40,73) and theory (39). A closer look reveals a logical explanation for faster growth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Roles of density-dependent growth and life history evolution in accounting for fisheries-induced trait changes

Eikeset

Dunlop

Heino

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The relative roles of density dependence and life history evolution in contributing to rapid fisheries-induced trait changes remain debated. In the 1930s, northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua), currently the world's largest cod stock, experienced a shift from a traditional spawning-ground fishery to an industrial trawl fishery with elevated exploitation in the stock's feeding grounds. Since then, age and length at maturation have declined dramatically, a trend paralleled in other exploited stocks worldwide. These trends can be explained by demographic truncation of the population's age structure, phenotypic plasticity in maturation arising through density-dependent growth, fisheries-induced evolution favoring faster-growing or earlier-maturing fish, or a combination of these processes. Here, we use a multitrait eco-evolutionary model to assess the capacity of these processes to reproduce 74 y of historical data on age and length at maturation in northeast Arctic cod, while mimicking the stock's historical harvesting regime. Our results show that model predictions critically depend on the assumed density dependence of growth: when this is weak, life history evolution might be necessary to prevent stock collapse, whereas when a stronger density dependence estimated from recent data is used, the role of evolution in explaining fisheries-induced trait changes is diminished. Our integrative analysis of density-dependent growth, multitrait evolution, and stock-specific time series data underscores the importance of jointly considering evolutionary and ecological processes, enabling a more comprehensive perspective on empirically observed stock dynamics than previous studies could provide.phenotypic plasticity | eco-evolutionary dynamics | management | genetic adaptation | genetic variance

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Roles of density-dependent growth and life history evolution in accounting for fisheries-induced trait changes

Eikeset

Dunlop

Heino

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…2012; Van Wijk et al. 2013), and this remains to be tested to fully appreciate the evolutionary consequences of selective removal on invasive populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of invasive fish removal through angling on population characteristics and juvenile growth rate

Evangelista

Britton

Cucherousset

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Exploitation can modify the characteristics of fish populations through the selective harvesting of individuals, with this potentially leading to rapid ecological and evolutionary changes. Despite the well-known effects of invasive fishes on aquatic ecosystems generally, the potential effects of their selective removal through angling, a strategy commonly used to manage invasive fish, are poorly understood. The aim of this field-based study was to use the North American pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus as the model species to investigate the consequences of selective removal on their population characteristics and juvenile growth rates across 10 populations in artificial lakes in southern France. We found that the maximal individual mass in populations decreased as removal pressure through angling increased, whereas we did not observed any changes in the maximal individual length in populations as removal pressure increased. Total population abundance did not decrease as removal pressure increased; instead, here was a U-shaped relationship between removal pressure and the abundance of medium-bodied individuals. In addition, population biomass had a U-shaped curve response to removal pressure, implying that invasive fish populations can modulate their characteristics to compensate for the negative effects of selective removals. In addition, individual lengths at age 2 and juvenile growth rates decreased as removal pressure through angling increased, suggesting a shift toward an earlier size at maturity and an overall slower growing phenotype. Therefore, these outputs challenge the efficiency of selective management methods, suggesting the use of more proactive strategies to control invasive populations, and the need to investigate the potential ecological and evolutionary repercussions of nonrandom removal.

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“…Other differences between demonstrated eco-evolutionary dynamics in freshwater microorganisms and proposed eco-evolutionary dynamics in larger animals exist, not least of which is asexual versus sexual reproduction and more complex life histories based on significant growth from birth. Experimental studies have shown that rapid life-history evolution in vertebrates is possible, through response to selection caused by predation (Reznick et al, 1996) and harvesting (van Wijk et al, 2013), but trait change from selection on vertebrates in itself is not an eco-evolutionary loop.…”

Section: Eco-evolutionary Population Dynamics-the Full Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

Cameron¹,

Plaistow²,

Mugabo³

et al. 2014

Advances in Ecological Research

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Experimental harvesting of fish populations drives genetically based shifts in body size and maturation

Cited by 102 publications

References 33 publications

Roles of density-dependent growth and life history evolution in accounting for fisheries-induced trait changes

Roles of density-dependent growth and life history evolution in accounting for fisheries-induced trait changes

Impacts of invasive fish removal through angling on population characteristics and juvenile growth rate

Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

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