Experimental gel containing bioactive glass-ceramic to minimize the pulp damage caused by dental bleaching in rats

Abstract

Experimental gel containing bioactive glass-ceramic to minimize the pulp damage caused by dental bleaching in rats Objectives: This study evaluated if the use of a bioactive glass-ceramicbased gel, named Biosilicate (BS), before, after or mixed with bleaching gel, could influence the inflammation of the dental pulp tissue of rats' molars undergoing dental bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). Methodology: The upper molars of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were divided into Ble: bleached (35% H 2 O 2 , 30-min); Ble-BS: bleached and followed by BS-based gel application (20 min); BS-Ble: BS-based gel application and then bleaching; BS/7d-Ble: BS-based gel applications for 7 days and then bleaching; Ble+BS: blend of H 2 O 2 with BS-based gel (1:1, 30-min); and control: placebo gel. After 2 and 30 days (n=10), the rats were euthanized for histological evaluation. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests were performed (P<0.05). Results: At 2 days, the Ble and Ble-BS groups had significant alterations in the pulp tissue, with an area of necrosis. The groups with the application of BS-based gel before H 2 O 2 had moderate inflammation and partial disorganization in the occlusal third of the coronary pulp and were significantly different from the Ble in the middle and cervical thirds (P<0.05). The most favorable results were observed in the Ble+BS, which was similar to the control in all thirds of the coronary pulp (P>0.05). At 30 days, the pulp tissue was organized and the bleached groups presented tertiary dentin deposition. The Ble group had the highest deposition of tertiary dentin, followed by the Ble-BS, and both were different from control (P<0.05). Conclusion: A single BS-based gel application beforehand or BSbased gel blended with a bleaching gel minimize the pulp damage induced by dental bleaching.

Influence of dental bleaching on the pulp tissue: A systematic review of in vivo studies

“…In animal studies (19 studies), 18 of them assessed the inflammatory response, and all demonstrated significant inflammation in the most superficial regions of coronal pulp, often accompanied by necrotic areas. This was particularly evident after bleaching with 35% or 38% HP and during the initial periods (Barbosa et al., 2019; Benetti et al., 2017; Benetti, Briso, et al., 2018; Benetti, Briso, Carminatti, et al., 2019; Benetti, Briso, de Araújo Lopes, et al., 2019; Benetti, Gomes‐Filho, et al., 2018; Carminatti et al., 2020; Cintra et al., 2013, 2017; Cintra, Benetti, Ferreira, Gomes‐Filho, et al., 2016; da Silva et al., 2020; Ferreira et al., 2018; Gallinari et al., 2019; Lima et al., 2016; Louzada et al., 2019; Seale et al., 1981; Silva‐Costa et al., 2018; Terayama et al., 2020).…”

“…The characteristics of the studies are described in Table 1. Among the 19 studies that used experimental rat models, 16 of them used upper molars (Barbosa et al., 2019; Benetti et al., 2017; Benetti, Briso, et al., 2018; Benetti, Briso, Carminatti, et al., 2019; Benetti, Briso, de Araújo Lopes, et al., 2019; Benetti, Gomes‐Filho, et al., 2018; Carminatti et al., 2020; Cintra et al., 2013, 2017; Cintra, Benetti, Ferreira, Gomes‐Filho, et al., 2016; Cintra, Benetti, Ferreira, Rahal, et al., 2016; da Silva et al., 2020; Ferreira et al., 2018; Gallinari et al., 2019; Louzada et al., 2019; Terayama et al., 2020). Twelve studies were conducted using human teeth, including molars ( n = 2), premolars ( n = 8) and incisors ( n = 2).…”

“…The inflammatory response in pulp tissues was evaluated in 27 in vivo studies, primarily assessed based on the intensity of inflammatory infiltrate in different thirds of pulp tissue (Benetti et al., 2017; Benetti, Briso, et al., 2018; Benetti, Briso, Carminatti, et al., 2019; Benetti, Briso, de Araújo Lopes, et al., 2019; Benetti, Gomes‐Filho, et al., 2018; Carminatti et al., 2020; Cintra et al., 2013; Cintra et al., 2017; Cintra, Benetti, Ferreira, Gomes‐Filho, et al., 2016; Costa et al., 2010; da Silva et al., 2020; Ferreira et al., 2018; Gallinari et al., 2019; Kina et al., 2010; Lima et al., 2016; Louzada et al., 2019; Robertson & Melfi, 1980; Roderjan et al., 2015; Silva‐Costa et al., 2018; Terayama et al., 2020; Vaz et al., 2016), or by counting inflammatory cells (Cintra, Benetti, Ferreira, Rahal, et al., 2016).…”

“…It is essential to adhere to the directive that limits dentists to using a maximum concentration of 6% HP for bleaching protocols (Kahler, 2022; The Council of The European Union, 2011). However, only four studies in this systematic review referred to this directive Carminatti et al, 2020;Cintra et al, 2017;Ferreira et al, 2018), highlighting the need for broader adoption of this regulation. Additionally, this systematic review underscores the need for continued research on the development of bleaching gels that can achieve a bleaching effect without causing harm to pulp tissue or inducing postoperative sensitivity.…”

Fabrication and characterization of chlorhexidine gluconate loaded poly(vinyl alcohol)/45S5 nano‐bioactive glass nanofibrous membrane for guided tissue regeneration applications

“…[20] 45S5 BG increases the pH of the environment to an alkaline level with the dissolution of the ions in its structure at the time in the biological fluid. [25,26] For this reason, a biomaterial with stronger antibacterial activity has been designed by using CH and 45S5 BG together. CH can interact with the tissues in the mouth and release chemicals for a longer duration.…”