Experimental feasibility of multistatic holography for breast microwave radar image reconstruction

Flores-Tapia, Daniel; Rodríguez, Diego; Solís, Mario; Kopotun, Nikita; Latif, Saeed I.; Maizlish, Oleksandr; Fu, Lei; Gui, Yonsheng; Hu, C.‐M.; Pistorius, Stephen

doi:10.1118/1.4953636

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Radar based microwave imaging is the main type of the microwave imaging-based approaches, which maps the internal organ structure by measuring the dielectric properties of the tissues [ 69 ]. Radar based microwave imaging has been proposed as a promising tool for early diagnosis of breast tumor with the advantages of cost-effective, safety, highly sensitive and specific.…”

Section: Microwave Breast Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Sensors for Breast Cancer Detection

Wang

2018

Sensors

114

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Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among females, early diagnostic methods with suitable treatments improve the 5-year survival rates significantly. Microwave breast imaging has been reported as the most potential to become the alternative or additional tool to the current gold standard X-ray mammography for detecting breast cancer. The microwave breast image quality is affected by the microwave sensor, sensor array, the number of sensors in the array and the size of the sensor. In fact, microwave sensor array and sensor play an important role in the microwave breast imaging system. Numerous microwave biosensors have been developed for biomedical applications, with particular focus on breast tumor detection. Compared to the conventional medical imaging and biosensor techniques, these microwave sensors not only enable better cancer detection and improve the image resolution, but also provide attractive features such as label-free detection. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent important achievements in microwave sensors for biomedical imaging applications, with particular focus on breast cancer detection. The electric properties of biological tissues at microwave spectrum, microwave imaging approaches, microwave biosensors, current challenges and future works are also discussed in the manuscript.

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Section: Microwave Breast Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Sensors for Breast Cancer Detection

Wang

2018

Sensors

114

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“…While radar-based BMI systems perform measurements in the frequency-domain (FD) [4], typically using a vector network analyzer (VNA), or in the time domain (TD) [5], many radar image reconstruction algorithms utilize TD representations of the radar signals, as in the delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BMI systems that perform measurements in the FD require a method for FD-to-TD conversion to utilize TD-based reconstruction algorithms. The inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) and the inverse chirp z -transform (ICZT) are two methods that have been used in the literature [4, 7]. Both are special cases of the more general z -transform, but the ICZT allows for an arbitrarily-fine representation of the signal in the TD, while the IDFT does not [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the inverse chirp z-transform on breast microwave radar image reconstruction

Reimer

Solis-Nepote

Pistorius

2020

Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol.

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This work examines the impact of the inverse chirp z-transform (ICZT) for frequency-to-time-domain conversion during image reconstruction of a pre-clinical radar-based breast microwave imaging system operating over 1–8 GHz. Two anthropomorphic breast phantoms were scanned with this system, and the delay-multiply-and-sum beamformer was used to reconstruct images of the phantoms, after using either the ICZT or the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) for frequency-to-time domain conversion. The contrast, localization error, and presence of artifacts in the reconstructions were compared. The use of the IDFT resulted in prominent ring artifacts that were not present when using the ICZT, and the use of the ICZT resulted in higher contrast between the tumor and clutter responses. In one of the phantoms, the tumor response was only visible in reconstructions that used the ICZT. The use of the ICZT evaluated with a time-step size of 11 ps resulted in the reduction of prominent artifacts present when using the IDFT and the successful identification of the tumor response in the reconstructed images.

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“…Radio images are obtained with algorithms for focusing the reflected signals. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Ultra-wide band signals, which are generated according to the step-frequency principle [22][23][24][25][26] or in the form of short pulses of sub-nanosecond duration, are used for sounding. [27][28][29][30] A brief overview of these methods is given in Modiri et al 31 At present, promising trials have already been conducted on volunteers to detect breast cancer using prototypes of microwave mammographs by Italian scientists using "Mammowave" 32 and Micrima scientists from the UK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radar‐based approach has no such drawbacks and is based on the effect of probe signal reflection from the tumor, which occurs due to the difference in the dielectric properties of healthy and tumor tissues. Radio images are obtained with algorithms for focusing the reflected signals 12–21 . Ultra‐wide band signals, which are generated according to the step‐frequency principle 22–26 or in the form of short pulses of sub‐nanosecond duration, are used for sounding 27–30 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of multi‐angle ultra‐wide band microwave sounding for high resolution breast imaging

et al. 2020

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Purpose: This report proposes an approach to develop a method of microwave imaging for early, noninvasive diagnosis of breast tumors. Here we describe a data-processing method for obtaining radio images of biological heterogeneities and a new method for filtering static noise in received signals. Methods: A specialized radar system was developed in the present study and used to perform sounding of synthetic phantoms with the dielectric properties of breast tissue in the range of 2-8 GHz. Datasets thus contained synthetic structures that imitated the dielectric properties of breast tissues and tumors. The permittivity values of the created artificial materials were verified using a waveguide cell. Tumors were simulated via plastic balls with a diameter of 1 cm that were filled with saline. A special ultra-wide band (UWB) radar system developed at Tomsk State University was used to register radar responses from the phantoms. The radar system included the vector reflectometer, the UWB antenna, and the mechanical scanner that provided sounding in the hemisphere. We also used the time-domain signals processing method to obtain the radio image signals. In this method, all signals received during scanning in the hemisphere are added with calculated delay for the given focus point. Special filtering of the constant components of the signal at each of the angular sounding latitudes was used to eliminate clutter in the received signal. This solution allowed us to account for additive clutter in the received signal from structural elements during scanning in the hemisphere. The influence of the number of angles on the quality of the resulting radio image was evaluated. Results: The phantoms of a female breast and a malignant tumor from artificial materials with electrophysical characteristics close to those of real tissues have been developed. This facilitated verification of the proposed method for constructing radio images under more clinically relevant conditions. The proposed filtering of the constant components of the signal effectively doubled the signal-to-noise ratio in the resulting radio image compared with the standard algorithm of clutter filtering. The influence of different numbers of scan points on the quality of the final radio image are presented herein. It is concluded that it is sufficient to use not more than 600-800 sounding points for acceptable image quality. A further increase in the number of angles does not significantly improve image quality despite increasing the scan time. Conclusions: Scanning in the hemisphere of the breast phantom using the proposed method of clutter filtering show that multi-angle microwave imaging can form accurate three-dimensional (3D) images with double the level of signal-to-clutter compared with the standard filtering approach. The images of artificial tumors were obtained when sounding in the range of 2-8 GHz with the resolution of about 5-7 mm.

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Experimental feasibility of multistatic holography for breast microwave radar image reconstruction

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Microwave Sensors for Breast Cancer Detection

Microwave Sensors for Breast Cancer Detection

The impact of the inverse chirp z-transform on breast microwave radar image reconstruction

Use of multi‐angle ultra‐wide band microwave sounding for high resolution breast imaging

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