Experimental exposure of Artemia to Hepatopancreatic parvo-like Virus and Subsequent transmission to post-larvae of Penaeus monodon

Sivakumar, Velusamy; Sarathi, M.; Venkatesan, C.; Sivaraj, A.; Hameed, A.S. Sahul

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2009.08.001

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A number of studies have confirmed the role of Artemia nauplii as vectors for several crustacean viruses, such as Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV), hepatopancreatic parvo-like virus (HPV), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) [29,30,31,32]. In addition, Artemia appears to be susceptible to some of these viruses, including WSSV and MrNV, with the infection being asymptomatic [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemia spp., a Susceptible Host and Vector for Lymphocystis Disease Virus

Valverde

Labella

Borrego

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Different developmental stages of Artemia spp. (metanauplii, juveniles and adults) were bath-challenged with two isolates of the Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV), namely, LCDV SA25 (belonging to the species Lymphocystis disease virus 3) and ATCC VR-342 (an unclassified member of the genus Lymphocystivirus). Viral quantification and gene expression were analyzed by qPCR at different times post-inoculation (pi). In addition, infectious titres were determined at 8 dpi by integrated cell culture (ICC)-RT-PCR, an assay that detects viral mRNA in inoculated cell cultures. In LCDV-challenged Artemia, the viral load increased by 2–3 orders of magnitude (depending on developmental stage and viral isolate) during the first 8–12 dpi, with viral titres up to 2.3 × 102 Most Probable Number of Infectious Units (MPNIU)/mg. Viral transcripts were detected in the infected Artemia, relative expression values showed a similar temporal evolution in the different experimental groups. Moreover, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings were challenged by feeding on LCDV-infected metanauplii. Although no Lymphocystis symptoms were observed in the fish, the number of viral DNA copies was significantly higher at the end of the experimental trial and major capsid protein (mcp) gene expression was consistently detected. The results obtained support that LCDV infects Artemia spp., establishing an asymptomatic productive infection at least under the experimental conditions tested, and that the infected metanauplii are a vector for LCDV transmission to gilthead seabream.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artemia spp., a Susceptible Host and Vector for Lymphocystis Disease Virus

Valverde

Labella

Borrego

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…Horizontal transmission refers to all possible situations in rearing environments that diseases can be transmitted from infected animals to healthy ones in the same facility. There is circumstantial evidence for horizontal transmission of HPV: Catap et al [42] detected infections in healthy black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ) after feeding animals with infected black tiger shrimp postlarvae, while Sivakumar et al [43] reported that experimentally-infected live artemia given to healthy postlarvae of black tiger shrimp apparently caused infections. Other viruses (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate heritability of hepatopancreatic parvovirus titre suggests a new option for selection against viral diseases in banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) and other aquaculture species

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn shrimp farming, major production losses are caused by viruses. Hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) is one of the viral pathogens that infect banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis). HPV is thought to slow down growth and cause mortality in the juvenile stages of banana shrimp. Genetic improvement through selection of shrimp resistant to viral diseases is one approach to address this issue. This is the first detailed report on an aquaculture species that investigates whether viral titre varies among families and is heritable, and thus whether viral titre per se is a possible candidate trait for selection to produce resistant stock.ResultsHPV titre was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction of DNA extracted from 1137 offspring (from 48 full-sib families). Estimated heritability of HPV titre, based on the linear animal mixed model, was moderate (h2 = 0.41). Genetic correlations of HPV with body traits (weight, length and width of body, head and tail) ranged from −0.13 to −0.38. HPV titre was negatively correlated with raw and cooked body colour (−0.33 and −0.43, respectively).ConclusionsThis is the first study based on a large dataset that provides evidence that viral titre may have a genetic component in penaeid shrimp or even in any aquaculture species. The moderate heritability estimated for this trait suggests that resistance to HPV may be achieved by selecting for low HPV titre. With moderate and negative correlations, selection for resistance to HPV should gradually improve body traits and colour of banana shrimp.

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“…HPV is believed to be transmitted both vertically and horizontally [44]. Recent report on the horizontal transmission of HPV from the infected Artemia to healthy post-larvae of P. monodon by feeding experiment suggest that this vector could also horizontally transmit HPV into rearing systems [79]. The horizontal transmission of HPV by cannibalism may also be a serious problem in transmission of this virus in shrimp farms.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Hepatopancreatic parvovirus of Penaeid Shrimp

2012

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Hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) is one of the major shrimp parvovirus which is known to cause slow growth in penaeid shrimps. HPV has been found in wild and cultured penaeid shrimps throughout the world and there is high genetic variation among the different geographic isolates/host species. Given its high prevalence, wide distribution and ability to cause considerable economic loss in shrimp aquaculture industry, HPV deserves more attention than it has received. Till date, a total of four complete genome sequences of HPV have been reported in addition to a large number of partial sequences. HPV infection is seldom observed alone in epizootics and has occurred in multiple infections with other more pathogenic viruses and in most cases, heavy infections result in no visible inflammatory response. A great deal of information has accumulated in recent years on the clinical signs, geographical distribution, transmission and genetic diversity of HPV infection in shrimp aquaculture. However, the mechanism by which HPV enters the shrimp tissues and pathogenesis of virus is still unknown. To date, no effective prophylactic measures are available to reduce the infection in shrimps. To control and prevent HPV infection, considerable research efforts are on. This review provides information on current knowledge on HPV infection in penaeid shrimp aquaculture.

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Experimental exposure of Artemia to Hepatopancreatic parvo-like Virus and Subsequent transmission to post-larvae of Penaeus monodon

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Artemia spp., a Susceptible Host and Vector for Lymphocystis Disease Virus

Artemia spp., a Susceptible Host and Vector for Lymphocystis Disease Virus

Moderate heritability of hepatopancreatic parvovirus titre suggests a new option for selection against viral diseases in banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) and other aquaculture species

Molecular Biology and Epidemiology of Hepatopancreatic parvovirus of Penaeid Shrimp

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