Experimental Evolution of Legume Symbionts: What Have We Learnt?

Moura, Ginaini Grazielli Doin de; Remigi, Philippe; Masson‐Boivin, Catherine; Capela, Delphine

doi:10.3390/genes11030339

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…Questions that remain for the future are the determination of how competitive the TER strains are in the presence of other nodulating strains, and the isolation of the putative recipients, which would be very helpful to determine the scope of possible transfers. Recently, Doin de Moura et al (2020) introduced the symbiotic plasmid of Cupriavidus taiwanensis into the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum , and repeatedly inoculated the C. taiwanensis host, Mimosa pudica with the transconjugant. This experimental evolution allowed for the selection of derivatives able to nodulate and improve efficiency after various passages through the plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of the Symbiotic Plasmid of Rhizobium etli CFN42 to Endophytic Bacteria Inside Nodules

et al. 2020

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Conjugative transfer is one of the mechanisms allowing diversification and evolution of bacteria. Rhizobium etli CFN42 is a bacterial strain whose habitat is the rhizosphere and is able to form nodules as a result of the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relationship it may establish with the roots of Phaseolus vulgaris . R. etli CFN42 contains one chromosome and six large plasmids (pRet42a – pRet42f). Most of the genetic information involved in the establishment of the symbiosis is localized on plasmid pRet42d, named as the symbiotic plasmid (pSym). This plasmid is able to perform conjugation, using pSym encoded transfer genes controlled by the RctA/RctB system. Another plasmid of CFN42, pRet42a, has been shown to perform conjugative transfer not only in vitro , but also on the surface of roots and inside nodules, using other rhizobia as recipients. In addition to the rhizobia involved in the formation of nodules, these structures have been shown to contain endophytic bacteria from different genera and species. In this work, we have explored the conjugative transfer of the pSym (pRet42d) from R. etli CFN42 to endophytic bacteria as putative recipients, using as donor a CFN42 derivative labeled with GFP in the pRet42d and RFP in the chromosome. We were able to isolate some transconjugants, which inherit the GFP, but not the RFP marker. Some of them were identified, analyzed and evaluated for their ability to nodulate. We found transconjugants from genera such as Stenotrophomonas , Achromobacter , and Bacillus , among others. Although all the transconjugants carried the GFP marker, and nod, fix , and nif genes from pRet42d, not all were able to nodulate. Ultrastructure microscopy analysis showed some differences in the structure of the nodules of one of the transconjugants. A replicon of the size of pRet42d (371 Kb) could not be visualized in the transconjugants, suggesting that the pSym or a segment of the plasmid is integrated in the chromosome of the recipients. These findings strengthen the proposal that nodules constitute a propitious environment for exchange of genetic information among bacteria, in addition to their function as structures where nitrogen fixation and assimilation takes place.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer of the Symbiotic Plasmid of Rhizobium etli CFN42 to Endophytic Bacteria Inside Nodules

et al. 2020

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“…• Modified Ralstonia solanacearum evolving in a plant symbiont (Marchetti et al, 2010;Doin de Moura et al, 2020)…”

Section: Experimental Evolution To Decipher the Adaptive Evolution Of Single Microbial Population In Synthetic Systems Of Low Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evolution in Plant-Microbe Systems: A Tool for Deciphering the Functioning and Evolution of Plant-Associated Microbial Communities

2021

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In natural environments, microbial communities must constantly adapt to stressful environmental conditions. The genetic and phenotypic mechanisms underlying the adaptive response of microbial communities to new (and often complex) environments can be tackled with a combination of experimental evolution and next generation sequencing. This combination allows to analyse the real-time evolution of microbial populations in response to imposed environmental factors or during the interaction with a host, by screening for phenotypic and genotypic changes over a multitude of identical experimental cycles. Experimental evolution (EE) coupled with comparative genomics has indeed facilitated the monitoring of bacterial genetic evolution and the understanding of adaptive evolution processes. Basically, EE studies had long been done on single strains, allowing to reveal the dynamics and genetic targets of natural selection and to uncover the correlation between genetic and phenotypic adaptive changes. However, species are always evolving in relation with other species and have to adapt not only to the environment itself but also to the biotic environment dynamically shaped by the other species. Nowadays, there is a growing interest to apply EE on microbial communities evolving under natural environments. In this paper, we provide a non-exhaustive review of microbial EE studies done with systems of increasing complexity (from single species, to synthetic communities and natural communities) and with a particular focus on studies between plants and plant-associated microorganisms. We highlight some of the mechanisms controlling the functioning of microbial species and their adaptive responses to environment changes and emphasize the importance of considering bacterial communities and complex environments in EE studies.

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“…Legumes are characterized by the ability to form nodules that house endosymbiotic rhizobia. This relationship generates a driving force between the two symbionts that leads them to co-evolve [90,91]. It has been reported that plant lipochitooligosaccharide receptors acquired symbiotic functions before gene duplication [92].…”

Section: Differences and Similarities In The Expression Of Crrlk1l Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification of the CrRLK1L Subfamily and Comparative Analysis of Its Role in the Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis

Solís-Miranda

Fonseca-García

Nava

et al. 2020

Genes

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The plant receptor-like-kinase subfamily CrRLK1L has been widely studied, and CrRLK1Ls have been described as crucial regulators in many processes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), Heynh. Little is known, however, about the functions of these proteins in other plant species, including potential roles in symbiotic nodulation. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of CrRLK1L subfamily receptors of 57 different plant species and identified 1050 CrRLK1L proteins, clustered into 11 clades. This analysis revealed that the CrRLK1L subfamily probably arose in plants during the transition from chlorophytes to embryophytes and has undergone several duplication events during its evolution. Among the CrRLK1Ls of legumes and A. thaliana, protein structure, gene structure, and expression patterns were highly conserved. Some legume CrRLK1L genes were active in nodules. A detailed analysis of eight nodule-expressed genes in Phaseolus vulgaris L. showed that these genes were differentially expressed in roots at different stages of the symbiotic process. These data suggest that CrRLK1Ls are both conserved and underwent diversification in a wide group of plants, and shed light on the roles of these genes in legume–rhizobia symbiosis.

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Experimental Evolution of Legume Symbionts: What Have We Learnt?

Cited by 20 publications

References 170 publications

Transfer of the Symbiotic Plasmid of Rhizobium etli CFN42 to Endophytic Bacteria Inside Nodules

Transfer of the Symbiotic Plasmid of Rhizobium etli CFN42 to Endophytic Bacteria Inside Nodules

Experimental Evolution in Plant-Microbe Systems: A Tool for Deciphering the Functioning and Evolution of Plant-Associated Microbial Communities

Genome-Wide Identification of the CrRLK1L Subfamily and Comparative Analysis of Its Role in the Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis

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