Experimental evolution and the adjustment of metabolic strategies in lactic acid bacteria

Bachmann, Herwig; Molenaar, Douwe; Santos, Filipe Branco dos; Teusink, Bas

doi:10.1093/femsre/fux024

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Alteration of the expression level of one molecule would indirectly affect the overall surface composition, which could result in unexpected phenotypic outcomes. Such a speculation is in line with recent theory on trade-offs that can be determined by physical-chemical constraints such as membrane space (Bachmann et al, 2016 , 2017 ). While most of the genes identified here could be linked to the cell surface we could not find such a link for some identified proteins based on sequence analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cell Surface Properties of Lactococcus lactis Reveal Milk Protein Binding Specifically Evolved in Dairy Isolates

et al. 2017

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Surface properties of bacteria are determined by the molecular composition of the cell wall and they are important for interactions of cells with their environment. Well-known examples of bacterial interactions with surfaces are biofilm formation and the fermentation of solid materials like food and feed. Lactococcus lactis is broadly used for the fermentation of cheese and buttermilk and it is primarily isolated from either plant material or the dairy environment. In this study, we characterized surface hydrophobicity, charge, emulsification properties, and the attachment to milk proteins of 55 L. lactis strains in stationary and exponential growth phases. The attachment to milk protein was assessed through a newly developed flow cytometry-based protocol. Besides finding a high degree of biodiversity, phenotype-genotype matching allowed the identification of candidate genes involved in the modification of the cell surface. Overexpression and gene deletion analysis allowed to verify the predictions for three identified proteins that altered surface hydrophobicity and attachment of milk proteins. The data also showed that lactococci isolated from a dairy environment bind higher amounts of milk proteins when compared to plant isolates. It remains to be determined whether the alteration of surface properties also has potential to alter starter culture functionalities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Cell Surface Properties of Lactococcus lactis Reveal Milk Protein Binding Specifically Evolved in Dairy Isolates

et al. 2017

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“…Acetate/ethanol production generates 3 mol instead of 2 mol ATP for lactate fermentation on glucose. This can be placed well in the context of resource allocation theories, given a certain protein budget (Bachmann, Molenaar, Branco dos Santos, & Teusink, 2017). Less biosynthetic enzymes needed for amino acids and B vitamin synthesis lead to a smaller anabolic proteome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Selecting for lactic acid producing and utilising bacteria in anaerobic enrichment cultures

Rombouts

Kranendonk

Regueira

et al. 2020

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Lactic acid‐producing bacteria are important in many fermentations, such as the production of biobased plastics. Insight in the competitive advantage of lactic acid bacteria over other fermentative bacteria in a mixed culture enables ecology‐based process design and can aid the development of sustainable and energy‐efficient bioprocesses. Here we demonstrate the enrichment of lactic acid bacteria in a controlled sequencing batch bioreactor environment using a glucose‐based medium supplemented with peptides and B vitamins. A mineral medium enrichment operated in parallel was dominated by Ethanoligenens species and fermented glucose to acetate, butyrate and hydrogen. The complex medium enrichment was populated by Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Megasphaera species and showed a product spectrum of acetate, ethanol, propionate, butyrate and valerate. An intermediate peak of lactate was observed, showing the simultaneous production and consumption of lactate, which is of concern for lactic acid production purposes. This study underlines that the competitive advantage for lactic acid‐producing bacteria primarily lies in their ability to attain a high biomass specific uptake rate of glucose, which was two times higher for the complex medium enrichment when compared to the mineral medium enrichment. The competitive advantage of lactic acid production in rich media can be explained using a resource allocation theory for microbial growth processes.

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“…However, this might not necessarily manifest itself as higher biomass yield since the gain in efficiency on the catabolism of the substrate, can be (and often is) offset by the increasing proportion of the cellular ATP requirements that get allocated from growth to maintenance (e.g. protein and nucleic acid repair) [ 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of glucose availability in Lactobacillus sakei; metabolic change and regulation of the proteome and transcriptome

et al. 2017

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Effects of glucose availability were investigated in Lactobacillus sakei strains 23K and LS25 cultivated in anaerobic, glucose-limited chemostats set at high (D = 0.357 h-1) and low (D = 0.045 h-1) dilution rates. We observed for both strains a shift from homolactic towards more mixed acid fermentation when comparing high to low growth rates. However, this change was more pronounced for LS25 than for 23K, where dominating products were lactate>formate>acetate≥ethanol at both conditions. A multivariate approach was used for analyzing proteome and transcriptome data from the bacterial cultures, where the predictive power of the omics data was used for identifying features that can explain the differences in the end-product profiles. We show that the different degree of response to the same energy restriction revealed interesting strain specific regulation. An elevated formate production level during slow growth, more for LS25 than for 23K, was clearly reflected in correlating pyruvate formate lyase expression. With stronger effect for LS25, differential expression of the Rex transcriptional regulator and NADH oxidase, a target of Rex, indicated that maintainance of the cell redox balance, in terms of the NADH/NAD+ ratio, may be a key process during the metabolic change. The results provide a better understanding of different strategies that cells may deploy in response to changes in substrate availability.

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Experimental evolution and the adjustment of metabolic strategies in lactic acid bacteria

Cited by 58 publications

References 141 publications

Cell Surface Properties of Lactococcus lactis Reveal Milk Protein Binding Specifically Evolved in Dairy Isolates

Cell Surface Properties of Lactococcus lactis Reveal Milk Protein Binding Specifically Evolved in Dairy Isolates

Selecting for lactic acid producing and utilising bacteria in anaerobic enrichment cultures

Effects of glucose availability in Lactobacillus sakei; metabolic change and regulation of the proteome and transcriptome

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