Experimental Evidence That Low Social Status Is Most Toxic to Well-Being When Internalized

Jackson, Benita; Richman, Laura Smart; LaBelle, Onawa; Lempereur, Madeleine S.; Twenge, Jean M.

doi:10.1080/15298868.2014.965732

Cited by 61 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…These results correspond well to the fear reactivity results, as youth of lower SSS also reported greater fear immediately after completing the task. They may be unable to regulate their fear, which is reflected in their physiology, as lower SSS has been linked with maladaptive coping previously (Jackson, Richman, LaBelle, Lempereur, & Twenge, 2015;Schubert, Süssenbach, Schäfer, & Euteneuer, 2016). They may have feared the evaluation of their performance and consequently showed a sustained reduction in RSA during recovery rather than during the preparation for the task itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together with the fear and parasympathetic findings, it seems that adolescents of low SSS are reacting and responding to the stress differently from those of moderate or high SSS. Lower SSS has been linked with differences in coping with stress (i.e., more depressive thinking, rumination), which may influence psychological and physiological responses to stress (Jackson et al, 2015;Schubert et al, 2016). Adolescents of lower SSS may show greater increases in fear because these youth are either more sensitive to threat or are having more difficulty regulating their affective responses to the task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subjective social status and stress responsivity in late adolescence

Rahal

Chiang

Bower

et al. 2019

Stress

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Subjective social status (SSS) reflects one's perception of one's standing within society. SSS has been linked with health outcomes, over and above socioeconomic status, and is thought to influence health in part by shaping stress responsivity. To test this, the present study examined the links between SSS and psychological, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and cardiovascular responsivity in a sample of 87 ethnically diverse late adolescents (M age = 18.39 years). Participants rated their family's SSS while either in high school (n = 50) or one year afterward (n = 37). Participants completed the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) and reported their fear during baseline and after task completion, provided six saliva samples throughout the task, and had their heart rate monitored continuously throughout the task. Multilevel models, with time points nested within participants, were conducted to assess reactivity and recovery for each outcome. Results indicated that lower SSS was associated with greater fear reactivity and faster rates of HPA axis reactivity and recovery to baseline. Regarding cardiovascular responses, no differences were observed regarding heart rate. Lower SSS predicted increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia during the stress task only among participants who rated their SSS while in high school; no association was observed for those who rated SSS after high school. Results suggest that perceptions of one's family's standing in society can shape responses to stress and potentially broader health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective social status and stress responsivity in late adolescence

Rahal

Chiang

Bower

et al. 2019

Stress

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“…Präg et al, 2016). Being aware that one's social standing is below that of others in the social context brings about lower SSS (Jackson et al, 2015) and has been shown to have detrimental effects on health and wellbeing (Präg et al, 2014).…”

Section: Defining Subjective Social Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Social Status and Allostatic Load among Older People in England. A Longitudinal Analysis

Richards¹,

Maharani²,

Präg³

2022

Preprint

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Subjective social status has a known association with health, whereby better health outcomes are observed for those with higher perceived status. However, in this article we offer new evidence on the status–health relationship using a rigorous methodological approach that considers both observed and unobserved confounders. We use 14 years of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging and derive a measure of allostatic load with biomarkers as an objective measure of health. We apply ‘within–between’ panel regression models which reveal the expected association between subjective status and health when comparing participants (the ‘between’ estimate), but no association when examining temporal variation within participants (the ‘within’ estimate). When controlling for personality traits, optimism, and parental education the ‘between’ association between subjective status and allostatic also load disappears. These results suggest that perceived status is not a pathway to health, in and of itself, among older people.

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“…First, internalization of a stigmatized identity may directly impact health-related outcomes. For example, internalized homophobia (Newcomb & Mustanski, 2010), low social status (B. Jackson, Smart Richman, LaBelle, Lempereur, & Twenge, 2014), illness-related stigma (Logie, James, Tharao, & Loufty, 2013), and racism (Taylor & Jackson, 1990) have been associated either with poorer mental health, lower well-being, or health-damaging behaviors.…”

Section: Racism and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination, internalized racism, and depression: A comparative study of African American and Afro-Caribbean adults in the US

Molina

James

2016

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Emerging research suggests that both perceptions of discrimination and internalized racism (i.e., endorsement of negative stereotypes of one’s racial group) are associated with poor mental health. Yet, no studies to date have examined their effects on mental health with racial/ethnic minorities in the US in a single study. The present study examined: (a) the direct effects of everyday discrimination and internalized racism on risk of DSM-IV criteria of past-year major depressive disorder (MDD); (b) the interactive effects of everyday discrimination and internalized racism on risk of past-year MDD; and (c) the indirect effect of everyday discrimination on risk of past-year MDD via internalized racism. Further, we examined whether these associations differed by ethnic group membership. We utilized nationally representative data of Afro-Caribbean (N = 1,418) and African American (N = 3,570) adults from the National Survey of American Life. Results revealed that experiencing discrimination was associated with increased odds of past-year MDD among the total sample. Moreover, for Afro-Caribbeans, but not African Americans, internalized racism was associated with decreased odds of meeting criteria for past-year MDD. We did not find an interaction effect for everyday discrimination by internalized racism, nor an indirect effect of discrimination on risk of past-year MDD through internalized racism. Collectively, our findings suggest a need to investigate other potential mechanisms by which discrimination impacts mental health, and examine further the underlying factors of internalized racism as a potential self-protective strategy. Lastly, our findings point to the need for research that draws attention to the heterogeneity within the U.S. Black population.

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Experimental Evidence That Low Social Status Is Most Toxic to Well-Being When Internalized

Cited by 61 publications

References 55 publications

Subjective social status and stress responsivity in late adolescence

Subjective social status and stress responsivity in late adolescence

Subjective Social Status and Allostatic Load among Older People in England. A Longitudinal Analysis

Discrimination, internalized racism, and depression: A comparative study of African American and Afro-Caribbean adults in the US

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