Experimental Evidence of the Tolerance to Chlorate of the Aquatic Macrophyte Egeria densa in a Ramsar Wetland in Southern Chile

Palma, Álvaro T.; Schwarz, Alex; Fariña, José Miguel

doi:10.1007/s13157-012-0358-9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Similar conclusions were reached in a recent study in which plants were exposed to several different doses of chlorate for different periods inside a large mesocosm array, and several morphometric as well as physiologically related endpoints were quantified. The evidence suggests that E. densa is tolerant to fairly high levels of chlorate (i.e., median effective concentration in the order of 1,000 mg/L), at least three orders of magnitude larger than the highest concentration recorded in the wetland [15]. We found that desiccation is a major negative condition affecting E. densa, as have several authors before for this and other species [12,13,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Before being used in the experiment, a large number of plants collected in the nearby Calle-Calle River were acclimated for two weeks inside tanks with Cruces river water flowing through. Following a previously used methodology [14,15], only the top 30 cm (initial length) of the healthiest-looking plants were selected and considered for the experiment. Ten individually labeled plants were included inside each tank.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Subtoxic levels of chlorate influence the desiccation tolerance of Egeria densa?

Palma

Schwarz

Henríquez

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Among the different factors hypothesized to be responsible for the virtual disappearance of Egeria densa, once a dominant aquatic macrophyte in a southern Chile wetland ecosystem, are the negative effects of certain chemical compounds (mainly chlorate) and harsh environmental conditions (desiccation caused by prolonged atmospheric exposure). The authors performed an integrated experiment in which E. densa plants were first exposed for four weeks inside a mesocosm system to levels of chlorate that existed in the wetland at the time of the plant's demise and then exposed to desiccation conditions that also resembled those that the system had experienced. Hence, the authors tested the hypothesis that E. densa plants exposed to sublethal levels of chlorate are more susceptible to the deleterious effect of desiccation compared with plants that had not been exposed to chlorate. This hypothesis was tested by means of quantifying physiologically related parameters in plants right after the four weeks under water and then after the desiccation period of 6 h. Their results rejected this hypothesis, because all plants, regardless of their history, are equally affected by desiccation. Environ.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Subtoxic levels of chlorate influence the desiccation tolerance of Egeria densa?

Palma

Schwarz

Henríquez

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Zooplankton and zoobenthos quantification analyses considered APHA 95 methods 10200 G and 10500 A, C and Woelf et al 106 and for identification several specialized sources were consulted (e.g. 107 – 112 ). A linear regression analysis of the relationship between abundance as well as diversity (Shannon index H′) and electrical conductivity was completed using Prism version 8.4.2. from GraphPad Software (San Diego, Ca, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical conductivity as a driver of biological and geological spatial heterogeneity in the Puquios, Salar de Llamara, Atacama Desert, Chile

Reid

Oehlert

Suosaari

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Reputed to be the driest desert in the world, the Atacama Desert in the Central Andes of Northern Chile is an extreme environment with high UV radiation, wide temperature variation, and minimum precipitation. Scarce lagoons associated with salt flats (salars) in this desert are the surface expression of shallow groundwater; these ponds serve as refugia for life and often host microbial communities associated with evaporitic mineral deposition. Results based on multidisciplinary field campaigns and associated laboratory examination of samples collected from the Puquios of the Salar de Llamara in the Atacama Desert during austral summer provide unprecedented detail regarding the spatial heterogeneity of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of these salar environments. Four main lagoons (‘Puquios’) and more than 400 smaller ponds occur within an area less than 5 km2, and are characterized by high variability in electrical conductivity, benthic and planktonic biota, microbiota, lagoon bottom type, and style of mineral deposition. Results suggest that electrical conductivity is a driving force of system heterogeneity. Such spatial heterogeneity within the Puquios is likely to be expanded with temporal observations incorporating expected seasonal changes in electrical conductivity. The complexity of these Andean ecosystems may be key to their ability to persist in extreme environments at the edge of habitability.

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“…It is crowned by the 2004 environmental changes associated with the industrial activity of a pulp mill plant located in the wetland catchment area (Escaida et al, 2014). Most studies related to the CRW realm ecology are focused on ecosystem components that were notoriously affected by changes, for example, in water quality (Woelfl et al, 2006;Lagos et al, 2008;Schaefer & Einax, 2010), aquatic macrophytes (Pinochet et al, 2005;Ramírez et al, 2006;Jaramillo et al, 2007;Marín et al, 2009;Palma et al, 2013), and water birds (Jaramillo et al, 2007;Lagos et al, 2008;González & Fariña, 2013). Those research lines arose from the occurrence of those environmental changes, not as a particular intention to obtain integral knowledge about the physicochemical and biological structure of the wetland.…”

Section: ___________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal flats of recent origin: distribution and sedimentological characterization in the estuarine Cruces River wetland, Chile

Manzano-Castillo

Jaramillo-Lopetegui²,

Pino³

2020

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res.

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The sedimentary intertidal surfaces (tidal flats from here on) in coastal wetlands are globally recognized by their biological diversity and available ecosystem services. In Chile, these environments are mainly distributed between 30 and 41°S and associated with micro-tidal estuaries. The estuarine Cruces River Wetland (CRW) was formed by tectonic subsidence caused by the giant 9.5 MW Valdivia earthquake in May 1960. The CRW is characterized by relatively uniform water quality conditions and tidal ranges and a significant increase of discharge and elevation of the water table concurrent with intense winter precipitations. The present study focuses on the presence and distribution of tidal flats in the CRW. It evaluates the spatio-temporal variability (April vs. December 2016) of texture and geochemical parameters (pH and ORP (oxidation/reduction potential, ORP)) of surface sediments in six particular tidal flats located along the main channel of the Cruces River. Most of the tidal flats are located in the northern and southern sectors of the CRW. Those located in the middle and southern sectors of the study area exhibit denser coverage with vestigial tree trunks that evidence the former presence of marsh forests along the flooded shores. The texture of the studied sediments is dominated by sand (0.063-2 mm), followed by mud grain size fractions (<0.063 mm). The mud fraction is the only grain size showing significant differences between the studied tidal flats. Both the pH and ORP values vary significantly between sites and sampling periods. In general, ORP values were lower or negative in samples with higher mud and total organic matter contents collected mainly during both sampling times. These results set the first baseline for textural and basic geochemical characteristics of surface sediments from tidal flats in the Cruces River wetland. The database provides a primary tool for evaluating potential effects of possible alterations along the margins of the wetland, which is located in an area of the rapid development of forestry and industrial activities as well as urban expansion.

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Experimental Evidence of the Tolerance to Chlorate of the Aquatic Macrophyte Egeria densa in a Ramsar Wetland in Southern Chile

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Do Subtoxic levels of chlorate influence the desiccation tolerance of Egeria densa?

Do Subtoxic levels of chlorate influence the desiccation tolerance of Egeria densa?

Electrical conductivity as a driver of biological and geological spatial heterogeneity in the Puquios, Salar de Llamara, Atacama Desert, Chile

Tidal flats of recent origin: distribution and sedimentological characterization in the estuarine Cruces River wetland, Chile

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