Experimental evidence of the inverse Smith–Purcell effect

Mizuno, Koji; Pae, J.; Nozokido, Tatsuo; Furuya, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1038/328045a0

Cited by 77 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Early concepts proposed using lasers to accelerate particles by operating known radiative processes in reverse, including the inverse Cherenkov accelerator (Shimoda, 1962) and the inverse Smith-Purcell accelerator (Palmer, 1980;Takeda and Matsui, 1968). The latter effect has been demonstrated experimentally with nonrelativistic electrons using a metallic grating at sub-mm wavelengths (Mizuno et al, 1987) and more recently at near infrared wavelengths (Breuer and Hommelhoff, 2013a). Energy modulation of relativistic electrons has also been observed in a laser field truncated by a thin downstream metallic film (Plettner et al, 2005); and several successful experiments in optical acceleration have made use of the inverse free electron laser (IFEL) interaction to attain a beam longitudinally bunched at the optical period, and thereby produce a net acceleration of particles (Kimura et al, 2001;Sears et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric laser accelerators

England¹,

Noble²,

Bane³

et al. 2014

Rev. Mod. Phys.

330

184

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The use of infrared lasers to power optical-scale lithographically fabricated particle accelerators is a developing area of research that has garnered increasing interest in recent years. We review the physics and technology of this approach, which we refer to as dielectric laser acceleration (DLA). In the DLA scheme operating at typical laser pulse lengths of 0.1 to 1 ps, the laser damage fluences for robust dielectric materials correspond to peak surface electric fields in the GV/m regime. The corresponding accelerating field enhancement represents a potential reduction in active length of the accelerator between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude. Power sources for DLA-based accelerators (lasers) are less costly than microwave sources (klystrons) for equivalent average power levels due to wider availability and private sector investment. Due to the high laser-to-particle coupling efficiency, required pulse energies are consistent with tabletop microJoule class lasers. Combined with the very high (MHz) repetition rates these lasers can provide, the DLA approach appears promising for a variety of applications, including future high energy physics colliders, compact light sources, and portable medical scanners and radiative therapy machines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric laser accelerators

England¹,

Noble²,

Bane³

et al. 2014

Rev. Mod. Phys.

330

184

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show abstract

“…In essence, the effect of the grating is to rectify the oscillating field in the frame co-moving with the electron, conceptually similar to conventional radio frequency devices. Single gratings can only be used to accelerate non-relativistic electrons, an effect also known as the inverse Smith-Purcell effect [10][11][12]. However, double grating structures, in which electrons propagate in a channel between two gratings facing each other, support a longitudinal, accelerating speed-of-light eigenmode that can be used to accelerate relativistic particles [13,14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-Based Acceleration of Nonrelativistic Electrons at a Dielectric Structure

2013

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A proof-of-principle experiment demonstrating dielectric laser acceleration of non-relativistic electrons in the vicinity of a fused-silica grating is reported. The grating structure is utilized to generate an electromagnetic surface wave that travels synchronously with and efficiently imparts momentum on 28 keV electrons. We observe a maximum acceleration gradient of 25 MeV/m. We investigate in detail the parameter dependencies and find excellent agreement with numerical simulations. With the availability of compact and efficient fiber laser technology, these findings may pave the way towards an all-optical compact particle accelerator. This work also represents the demonstration of the inverse Smith-Purcell effect in the optical regime.The acceleration gradients of linear accelerators are limited by breakdown phenomena at the accelerating structures under the influence of large surface fields. Today's accelerators, which are based on metal structures driven by radio frequency fields, operate at acceleration gradients of ∼20-50 MeV/m. The upper limit in future radio frequency accelerators, such as the discussed CLIC and ILC, is ∼100 MeV/m, given by the damage threshold of the metal surfaces [1][2][3]. At optical frequencies dielectric materials withstand roughly two orders of magnitude larger field amplitudes than metals [4]. Together with the large optical field strength attainable with short laser pulses, dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) hence may support acceleration gradients in the multi-GeV/m range [5]. With this technology lab-size accelerators, providing particle beams with energies currently only available at km-long facilities, seem feasible. Here we demonstrate the efficacy of the concept.Charged particle acceleration with oscillating fields requires an electromagnetic wave with a phase speed equal to the particle's velocity and an electric field component parallel to the particle's trajectory. So far, laserbased particle acceleration schemes employ the longitudinal electric field component of a plasma wave [6][7][8] or of a tightly focused laser beam [9], but in both schemes the accelerating mode has a phase velocity that does not match the speed of light. Therefore, relativistic particles can only be accelerated over short distances and the maximum attainable energies of these devices are limited. Exploiting the near-field of periodic structures, for example of optical gratings, offers the possibility to continuously accelerate non-relativistic as well as relativistic particles. In essence, the effect of the grating is to rectify the oscillating field in the frame co-moving with the electron, conceptually similar to conventional radio frequency devices. Single gratings can only be used to accelerate non-relativistic electrons, an effect also known as the inverse Smith-Purcell effect [10][11][12]. However, double grating structures, in which electrons propagate in a channel between two gratings facing each other, support a longitudinal, accelerating speed-of-light eigenmode that can be used to a...

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“…It is understood that one way to create acceleration is to run a radiative process in reverse. Indeed, this is the working principle behind accelerator schemes such as inverse free electron lasers [24,25], inverse Cherenkov accelerators [26,27], and inverse Smith-Purcell accelerators [28,29]. Here, we see that this relationship can be expressed in an elegant fashion using AVM.…”

Section: Reciprocitymentioning

confidence: 88%

Method for computationally efficient design of dielectric laser accelerator structures

Hughes¹,

Veronis²,

Wootton³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Dielectric microstructures have generated much interest in recent years as a means of accelerating charged particles when powered by solid state lasers. The acceleration gradient (or particle energy gain per unit length) is an important figure of merit. To design structures with high acceleration gradients, we explore the adjoint variable method, a highly efficient technique used to compute the sensitivity of an objective with respect to a large number of parameters. With this formalism, the sensitivity of the acceleration gradient of a dielectric structure with respect to its entire spatial permittivity distribution is calculated by the use of only two full-field electromagnetic simulations, the original and 'adjoint'. The adjoint simulation corresponds physically to the reciprocal situation of a point charge moving through the accelerator gap and radiating. Using this formalism, we perform numerical optimizations aimed at maximizing acceleration gradients, which generate fabricable structures of greatly improved performance in comparison to previously examined geometries.

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Experimental evidence of the inverse Smith–Purcell effect

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Dielectric laser accelerators

Dielectric laser accelerators

Laser-Based Acceleration of Nonrelativistic Electrons at a Dielectric Structure

Method for computationally efficient design of dielectric laser accelerator structures

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