Experimental evidence of light soaking effect in Cd-free Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4-based solar cells

Grenet, Louis; Grondin, Pauline; Coumert, Karol; Karst, N.; Emieux, Fabrice; Roux, Frédéric Le; Fillon, Raphaël; Altamura, Giovanni; Fournier, Hélène; Faucherand, Pascal; Perraud, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2014.05.033

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Only two candidates emerge as possible candidate to be integrated in kesterite solar cells: ZnS(O,OH) 27,28 and ZnSnO 8,29 . Other possibilities such as ZnMgO already used in chalcopyrite solar cells have not been successfully tested so far.…”

Section: Mapping Of Fundamental Failures In Cd-free Kesterite Solar Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Failure Modes in Kesterite Solar Cells

Grenet

Suzon

Emieux

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An intense research activity has been carried out in the past few years to improve efficiencies and understand limitations in kesterite based solar cells. Despite notable efforts to determine and list the different failure modes affecting the photovoltaic properties of these devices, very few works try to quantify and classify the effect of these failure modes. In this study, an exhaustive literature review has first been conducted to determine the different causes leading to limited efficiencies in kesterite devices with an additional focus on cadmium free and critical raw material free devices. Second, an original approach has been employed to quantify the impact of these failure modes on solar cells with the evaluation of feedbacks from 18 scientific experts working on kesterite technology. The result of this survey is analyzed, which allow to determine what should be the research priority for the community to improve efficiencies and drive kesterite technology to the market.

show abstract

Section: Mapping Of Fundamental Failures In Cd-free Kesterite Solar Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 . PV data and related bandgaps from References [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . Bandgaps are extracted from EQE spectra.…”

Section: Mapping Of Fundamental Failures In Cd-free Kesterite Solar Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Failure Modes in Kesterite Solar Cells

Grenet

Suzon

Emieux

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several institutes have reported $5% efficiency kesterite solar cells based on CBD-Zn(O,S) buffer layer. [12,16,17] Recently, M. Neuschitzer et al reported a 6.5% efficiency CZTSe solar cell which is close to the 6.9% efficiency CdS reference by adjusting the sulfur content in ultra thin CBD-Zn(O,S) buffer layers which are less than 10 nm. [18] However, it is difficult to ensure a conformal coverage of the junction interface in a large area by using such thin buffer layers deposited by chemical bath process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Application of Zn(O,S) buffer layer in kesterite‐based thin film solar cells also attracts increasing attention. Several institutes have reported ∼5% efficiency kesterite solar cells based on CBD‐Zn(O,S) buffer layer . Recently, M. Neuschitzer et al reported a 6.5% efficiency CZTSe solar cell which is close to the 6.9% efficiency CdS reference by adjusting the sulfur content in ultra thin CBD‐Zn(O,S) buffer layers which are less than 10 nm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…While the CZTSSe/CBD‐Zn(O,S) solar cells with general thickness buffer layer (20–50 nm) have suffered from the poor interface performance, which may arise from the large positive conduction band offset (CBO) between CZTSSe and Zn(O,S), the low conductivity of Zn(O,S) layer, and the ZnO and Zn(OH) 2 secondary phases in the Zn(O,S) layer . Because the relative sulfur content S/(S+O) of the CBD‐Zn(O,S) is often as high as close to 0.7 and CBD‐Zn(O,S) films are often characterized as amorphous or poor crystalline, the measured optical band gap of CBD‐Zn(O,S) films is often large, and there is a large difference of conduction band edge between CBD‐Zn(O,S) and ZnO secondary phase, which is much likely to cause a large band fluctuation of buffer layer, thus deteriorating the device performance. It is necessary to find a way to eliminate the ZnO and Zn(OH) 2 secondary phases in CBD‐Zn(O,S) layer and modify the hetero‐junction interface to improve the device performance of cadmium‐free thin film solar cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Restraining the Band Fluctuation of CBD‐Zn(O,S) Layer: Modifying the Hetero‐Junction Interface for High Performance Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ Solar Cells With Cd‐Free Buffer Layer

Liu

et al. 2017

Solar RRL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zn(O,S) film is a promising low‐cost and environment‐friendly Cd‐free buffer layer for chalcopyrite and kesterite thin film solar cells. However, the devices with Zn(O,S) buffer layer usually suffer from poor interface performance, resulting in a much lower efficiency, especially for kesterite solar cells. Here, the band fluctuation caused by ZnO secondary phase in Zn(O,S) layer is identified as the main reason deteriorating the device performance. By a concentrated ammonium etching and subsequent soft annealing treatment, the detrimental ZnO and Zn(OH)2 secondary phases are eliminated from the Zn(O,S) layer and the hetero‐junction performance is improved significantly. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency of the Zn(O,S)/CZTSe solar cells was improved from 1.17% to a favorable value of 7.2%. Temperature dependent J–V properties reveal a defect level assisted charge carrier transport mechanism across the Zn(O,S)/CZTSe interface. These encouraging results imply that Zn(O,S) buffer layer is a promising substitution for toxic CdS in future manufacturing of high performance thin film solar cells.

show abstract

Cadmium‐Free Kesterite Thin‐Film Solar Cells with High Efficiency Approaching 12%

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer is commonly used in Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells. However, the toxicity of Cadmium (Cd) and perilous waste, which is generated during the deposition process (chemical bath deposition), and the narrow bandgap (≈2.4 eV) of CdS restrict its large‐scale future application. Herein, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is proposed to deposit zinc–tin‐oxide (ZTO) as a buffer layer in Ag‐doped CZTSSe solar cells. It is found that the ZTO buffer layer improves the band alignment at the Ag‐CZTSSe/ZTO heterojunction interface. The smaller contact potential difference of the ZTO facilitates the extraction of charge carriers and promotes carrier transport. The better p–n junction quality helps to improve the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). Meanwhile, the wider bandgap of ZTO assists to transfer more photons to the CZTSSe absorber, and more photocarriers are generated thus improving short‐circuit current density (Jsc). Ultimately, Ag‐CZTSSe/ZTO device with 10 nm thick ZTO layer and 5:1 (Zn:Sn) ratio, Sn/(Sn + Zn): 0.28 deliver a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.8%. As far as it is known that 11.8% is the highest efficiency among Cd‐free kesterite thin film solar cells.

show abstract

Experimental evidence of light soaking effect in Cd-free Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4-based solar cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis of Failure Modes in Kesterite Solar Cells

Analysis of Failure Modes in Kesterite Solar Cells

Restraining the Band Fluctuation of CBD‐Zn(O,S) Layer: Modifying the Hetero‐Junction Interface for High Performance Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ Solar Cells With Cd‐Free Buffer Layer

Cadmium‐Free Kesterite Thin‐Film Solar Cells with High Efficiency Approaching 12%

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Experimental evidence of light soaking effect in Cd-free Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4-based solar cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis of Failure Modes in Kesterite Solar Cells

Analysis of Failure Modes in Kesterite Solar Cells

Restraining the Band Fluctuation of CBD‐Zn(O,S) Layer: Modifying the Hetero‐Junction Interface for High Performance Cu2ZnSnSe4 Solar Cells With Cd‐Free Buffer Layer

Cadmium‐Free Kesterite Thin‐Film Solar Cells with High Efficiency Approaching 12%

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Restraining the Band Fluctuation of CBD‐Zn(O,S) Layer: Modifying the Hetero‐Junction Interface for High Performance Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ Solar Cells With Cd‐Free Buffer Layer