Experimental evidence for long-distance electrodynamic intermolecular forces

Abstract

Both classical and quantum electrodynamics predict the existence of dipole-dipole long-range electrodynamic intermolecular forces; however, these have never been hitherto experimentally observed. The discovery of completely new and unanticipated forces acting between biomolecules could have considerable impact on our understanding of the dynamics and functioning of the molecular machines at work in living organisms. Here, using two independent experiments, on the basis of different physical effects detected by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and terahertz spectroscopy, respectively, we demonstrate experimentally the activation of resonant electrodynamic intermolecular forces. This is an unprecedented experimental proof of principle of a physical phenomenon that, having been observed for biomacromolecules and with long-range action (up to 1000 Å), could be of importance for biology. In addition to thermal fluctuations that drive molecular motion randomly, these resonant (and thus selective) electrodynamic forces may contribute to molecular encounters in the crowded cellular space.

Organizing and Disorganizing Resonances of Microtubules, Stem Cells, and Proteins Calculated by a Quantum Equation of Coherence

“…The different calculations of coherent/regulating and decoherent/deregulating patterns are presented in Appendices 1-4: Mavromatos [71]; Sahu [67] [68]; Saxena [73]; Rafati [75]; Koch [76]; Pizzi [77]; Li [78]; Barlow [133]; Palalle [134]; Romanenko [135]; Chafai [81]; Hameroff [8]; Dotta [85]; Kalra [86]; Hough [136]; Hintzsche [90]; Cantero [63]; Tuszynski [91]; Nardecchia [12]; Tang [92]; Titova [93] [94] [95]; Bogomazova [96]; Zhao [97]; Lechelon [99]; Hernández-Bule [101]; Safavi [102]; Lundholm [9]; Ahlberg Gagnér [10]; Alexandrov [107] [108]; Bock [109]; Echchgadda [110] [111]; Wilmink [114] [115] [116]; Grundt [113];…”

“…Two collective oscillation frequencies for R-PE (light-harvesting protein derived from red algae) have been measured: one at 0.0714 THz and another at 0.096 THz. Similarly, the geometric shape that best fits the hexamer form of the R-PE is a torus" [99].…”

Near-IR Light-Tunable Omnidirectional Broadband Terahertz Wave Antireflection Based on a PEDOT:PSS/Graphene Hybrid Coating

“…Terahertz (THz) technology has attracted tremendous attention over the years due to the unique properties of THz radiation, , and it has become a great potential tool for a variety of applications, including material characterization, , biomedical imaging, , and wireless communication. , For the implementation of THz technology, − there is a critical need for THz components such as emitters, detectors, polarizers, modulators, filters, and beam splitters. However, these THz components are generally fabricated on substrates with a high optical refractive index, such as silicon, which results in the refractive index mismatch at the interface, therefore giving rise to unwanted reflections.…”

“…Terahertz (THz) technology has attracted tremendous attention over the years due to the unique properties of THz radiation, 1,2 and it has become a great potential tool for a variety of applications, including material characterization, 3,4 biomedical imaging, 5,6 and wireless communication. 7,8 For the implementation of THz technology, 9−11 there is a critical need for THz components such as emitters, detectors, polarizers, modulators, filters, and beam splitters.…”

Single charge regime electrodynamic force measuring in solution by upconversion photonic force microscope

“…In physiological solution, another limitation of force sensing is the feeble scattering intensity of nanoparticles since most of methods are to sense the signal change in scattering 23,[27][28][29][30][31][32] , and the Rayleigh scattering crosssection is related to a nanoparticle's size by the power of six. Based on materials with higher refractive indices 33,34 or noise reduction, the smallest force sensitivity can only go down to 2.4 -8 femto-Newton 5,35 by PFM, yet far from the sub-femto-Newton that is required for emerging fields of far-field charge interaction 36 .…”