Experimental evidence for interfacial biochemical bonding in osseointegrated titanium implants

Abstract

The present study has provided quantitative evidence for biochemical bond theory of osseointegration of implants with bioactive surface oxide chemistry, ATiO(x) B. The theory of biochemical bonds may provide a scientific rationale pertinent to recent emerging trends and technologies for surface chemistry modifications of implants.

Aging of Plasma-Polymerized Allylamine Nanofilms and the Maintenance of Their Cell Adhesion Capacity

“…Different NC bonds led to a peak broadening between 397 and 402 eV and could not be distinguished from each other. Hence, this broad peak was formally divided into three parts CN (1) , CN (2) , and CNOH: CN (1) and CN (2) for miscellaneous covalent CN bonds such as CNH 2 , CN, CN, CNC, OCNH 2 , and OCNHR. After 360 storage days the intensity of the total peak is clearly reduced.…”

“…Note (a) the decreasing primary amino groups (CF 3 bonds near 297.7 eV) and the increasing acid amide bonds (CO, NCO at 288.0 ± 0.3 eV) and carboxylic acid bonds (COOH at 289.2 ± 0.2 eV). The N 1s peak (b) is formally fitted by different peaks which are marked by CN(1) , CN(2) , and CNOH. CN(1) , CN(2) for miscellaneous covalent CN bonds: CNH 2 , CN, CN, CNC, OCNH 2 , OCNHR after deposition and storage in ambient air for 360 d.…”

Local release of magnesium from mesoporous TiO 2 coatings stimulates the peri-implant expression of osteogenic markers and improves osteoconductivity in vivo

“…In removal torque testing, it was shown that the fracture phase at the bone interface occurred mainly within the periimplant bone for the Mg-doped implant surface [21]. Sul et al [22] suggested that the modification of the titanium oxide with magnesium results in a so-called ''biochemical bonding'' of the surfaces with bone, probably as a result of the change in the surface polarity (from negative to positive) and an improved chemical interaction between the local environment and the altered surface. In a previous rabbit study, the present authors observed significantly higher removal torque values for mesoporous implant surfaces loaded with Mg ions compared with non-loaded controls, after 3 weeks of healing [11].…”

Tailored Surface Treatment of 3D Printed Porous Ti6Al4V by Microarc Oxidation for Enhanced Osseointegration via Optimized Bone In-Growth Patterns and Interlocked Bone/Implant Interface

“…With the help of atom probe tomography, Karlsson et al have recently determined that bone 5 bonds chemically to Ti implant through direct contact between calcium atoms and titanium oxide surface after osseointegration 18 . Nevertheless, since the strength at the basic level of biochemical bonding is inherently weak, a more powerful mechanism is required to achieve a higher strength at the functional level [19][20] . It has been suggested that synergistic role of surface chemistry and micro-topography would be more beneficial for the achievement of higher bone/implant stability [20][21] .…”