Experimental evidence for high temperature stress as the cause of El Ni�o-coincident coral mortality

Glynn, Peter W.; D’Croz, Luis

doi:10.1007/bf00265009

Cited by 451 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Contrasts of the present results with comparable studies employing steady thermal stress for similar durations indicate that the losses of Symbiodinium reported here are large. For instance, Symbiodinium densities in P. damicornis declined~10-20% after 2 weeks at 30°C in Panama (ambient +2°C) (Glynn and D'Croz, 1990), and in P. damicornis from Australia, they declined~15-25% after 2 weeks at 29°C (ambient +3°C) (Ulstrup et al, 2006). Against this backdrop, it is surprising that the collateral effects in the present study of exposure to fluctuating temperatures and 30°C were small, and included calcification rates that remained within the range reported for congeners (Marubini and Davies, 1996;Edmunds, 2005, P.J.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological response of reef corals to diel fluctuations in seawater temperature

Putnam

Edmunds

2011

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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An opportunity to explore the effects of fluctuating temperatures on tropical scleractinian corals arose when diurnal warming (as large as 4.7°C) was detected over the rich coral communities found within the back reef of Moorea, French Polynesia. In April and May 2007, experiments were completed to determine the effects of fluctuating temperature on Pocillopora meandrina and Porites rus, and consecutive trials were used to expose them for 13 days to 26°C, 28°C (ambient conditions), 30°C, or a fluctuating treatment ranging from 26 to 30°C over 24 h. The multivariate response was assessed using maximum dark-adapted quantum yield of PSII (F V /F M ), Symbiodinium density, chlorophyll-a content, and calcification. In trial 1, multivariate physiology of both species was significantly affected by treatments, with the fluctuating temperature resulting in a 17-45% decline in Symbiodinium density (relative to the ambient) matching that occurring at a constant 30°C; F V /F M , chlorophyll-a content, and calcification, did not differ between the fluctuating and the steady treatments. In contrast, in trial 2 that utilized corals collected two weeks after those used in trial 1, the corals were unaffected by the treatments, likely due to an environment × trial interaction caused by seasonal declines in Symbiodinium density. Together, these results demonstrate that short transgressions to ecologically relevant high and low temperatures can elicit a potentially detrimental response equivalent to that occurring upon exposure to a constant high temperature. The dissimilar responses among dependent variables and consecutive trials underscore the importance of temporal replication and multivariate approaches in coral ecophysiology. It is likely that recent history has a stronger effect on the response of corals to treatments than is currently recognized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological response of reef corals to diel fluctuations in seawater temperature

Putnam

Edmunds

2011

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…Moreover, corals like P. panamensis that live in upwelling environments such as the Bay of Panama could be more sensitive to elevated temperatures because the mean annual temperature they experience is lower than those from non-upwelling environments and the host and zooxanthellae may have limited genetic diversity (Hueerkamp et al, 2001;D'Croz and Maté, 2004). Accordingly, the thermal bleaching threshold for primary polyps might be below that reported (30-31°C) for most adult coral species in the eastern Pacific (Glynn and D'Croz, 1990;Glynn and Colgan, 1992;Podestá and Glynn, 1997;D'Croz et al, 2001;Hueerkamp et al, 2001).…”

Section: Development Of Primary Polypsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A corrosive concoction: The combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on the early growth of a stony coral are multiplicative

Anlauf

D’Croz

O’Dea

2011

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

120

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“…Stress responses of coral have been described for many years (Vaughan 1914), but mass bleaching phenomena were first noted around the world in the mid-1970s and 1980s, leading to subsequent coral mortality and concern for the long-term survival of reefs (for a review, see Baker et al 2008). These mass bleaching events correlate with El Niño Southern Oscillation events, which produce elevated sustained (10-12 weeks) sea surface temperatures approximately 18C above the summer maximum, and in time can result in coral mortality (Glynn and D'Crox 1990;Glynn 1996). As these bleaching events became more common, it was realised that they were tightly linked to the production of greenhouse gases by our overuse of fossil fuels (Jokiel and Coles 1990;Glynn 1991Glynn , 1993Goreau 1992;Fitt et al 2001;Baker et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When coral experience a 18C increase in temperature for $6 weeks, they begin to bleach (Glynn and D'Crox 1990). The 2014 warming resulted in widespread bleaching of most species in Kaneohe Bay, with 82%-87% of the M. capitata, Porites compressa and F. scutaria exhibiting bleaching (Nielson 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential bleaching effects on coral reproduction

Hagedorn

Carter

Lager

et al. 2016

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. Bleaching profoundly impacts coral reproduction, often for years after an event. However, detailed reproductive characteristics of coral after bleaching have not been broadly described, especially as they relate to cryopreservation. Therefore, in the present study we measured several reproductive characteristics in coral in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, for two species, namely Fungia scutaria and Montipora capitata, during the bleaching period of 2014 and 2015. We examined spawning periods, egg morphometry, sperm concentration, fresh and cryopreserved sperm motility exposed to different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide, time of first cleavage, larval survival with fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa, infection success and settlement success. Many of these reproductive parameters were reduced in 2015, especially sperm motility. Once the reduced-motility spermatozoa from 2015 post-bleach were cryopreserved, there was a steep decline in post-thaw viability and this would prevent any substantive further use of these samples in reproduction for conservation benefit. Worldwide, as bleaching events become more frequent, the ability to bank and conserve coral ex situ may be significantly reduced. Thus, it is imperative that while genetic diversity is still high in these populations, intensive efforts are made to bank coral species during non-bleaching periods.

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Experimental evidence for high temperature stress as the cause of El Ni�o-coincident coral mortality

Cited by 451 publications

References 37 publications

The physiological response of reef corals to diel fluctuations in seawater temperature

The physiological response of reef corals to diel fluctuations in seawater temperature

A corrosive concoction: The combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on the early growth of a stony coral are multiplicative

Potential bleaching effects on coral reproduction

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