Experimental evidence for benefit of self discrimination in roots of a clonal plant

Yamawo, Akira; Sato, M.; Mukai, Hiromi

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx049

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These substances can be divided into two types: those indicating genetic differences and those indicating epigenetic differences. Evidence that plants can discriminate between clones, relatives, and cultivars suggests that chemicals derived from genetic differences enable discrimination (Dudley & File, ; Fang et al, ; Karban & Shiojiri, ; Murphy et al, ; Yamawo et al, ). On the other hand, many studies of self/non‐self‐discrimination reported the importance of physiological coordination; plants can discriminate severed and connected plants of the same genotype (Chen et al, ; Depuydt, ; Falik, de Kroon, & Novoplansky, ; Fukano & Yamawo, ; Gruntman & Novoplansky, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype‐aggregated planting improves yield in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) due to self/non‐self‐discrimination

Fukano

Guo

Noshita

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Accumulating evidence indicates that plants are capable of self/non‐self and kin/stranger discrimination. Plants increase biomass of and resource allocation to roots when they encounter roots of conspecific non‐self‐neighbors, but not when they encounter self roots. Root proliferation usually occurs at the expense of reproductive investment. Therefore, if clonal crops are capable of self/non‐self‐discrimination, spatially aggregated planting with seedlings of the same genotype may decrease root proliferation and produce a higher yield than planting without considering seedling genotype. To test this idea, we grew Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) in pot and field conditions and examined self/non‐self‐discrimination and the effectiveness of genotype‐aggregated planting. Plants grown in self pairs allocated less to root biomass than plants grown in non‐self pairs in both pot and field conditions; in field conditions, the self pairs produced 40% more tubers by weight than the non‐self pairs. When six sprouts from seed tuber of two different genotypes were grown together, with the two genotypes planted aggregately (AGG) or alternately (ALT), plants in the AGG group produced 14% more tubers than plants in the ALT group. These results suggest that spatial aggregation of genotypes increases tuber production in H. tuberosus . Because we found no evidence for trade‐offs between root biomass and tuber production, suppression of root proliferation may not be the only mechanism behind the benefits of genotype aggregation. By applying the concept of self/non‐self‐discrimination, farmers can increase crop production without additional external inputs or expansion of agricultural land use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype‐aggregated planting improves yield in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) due to self/non‐self‐discrimination

Fukano

Guo

Noshita

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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“…P. hydridum adopted biomass reallocation, shifting biomass to the roots in 2P2C; indeed, proportional root biomass was closely related to plant competitive ability [32,33]. In contrast, C. odorata noticeably reduced root allocation when growing with heterospecific neighboring plants in mixtures [34,35]. Shade due to the presence of neighbors can trigger the stem-elongation of plants, but C. odorata adopted shade tolerance instead, to maximize its performance when facing challenge that it was unlikely to outgrow the taller P. hydridum [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pennisetum Hydridum’s Potential for Controlling Invasive Chromolaena Odorata

Wang

Quan

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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The exotic Chromolaena odorata is one of the most destructive invasive plant species in South China, and hence an efficient and sustainable control method is urgent. One method, replacement control, which eliminates harmful plants by introducing another competitive plant, is being used increasingly for controlling invasive plants. To test the potential of Pennisetum hydridum to control C. odorata, a series of polyculture experiments with different proportions of the two species was conducted. Competitive indices, plant morphological and physiological traits, and soil nutrient contents were measured to test the impacts of P. hydridum on C. odorata. The presence of P. hydridum significantly suppressed growth of C. odorata, and P. hydridum was not sensitive to the presence of C. odorata. Moreover, increased root/shoot ratios of P. hydridum enhanced its underground competitive ability, and competition between the two species resulted in remarkable reductions of soil nutrient contents which would further decrease the competitiveness of the invasive C. odorata. In summary, our results suggest that P. hydridum is a prospective candidate to control C. odorata.

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“…In a study of 22 perennial grass species, it was established that the competitive effect (competition) was constantly related to size traits in nutrient-rich soils, and root traits were influenced also in nutrient-poor soils. However, they found no uniformity between the characteristics of the competitive response (facilitation), which specify the differences between the attributes that convey competitive effect and competitive response (Wang et al 2010, Jacob et al 2017, Yamawo et al 2017, Li et al 2018.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, the roots behave differently when neighboring roots are present or absent and their growth responses modify accordingly. There is convincing evidence that the roots of plants are not only influenced by the depletion of soil resources but may also be directly influenced by the existence of neighboring plant roots and this may have deep repercussions for plant growth and competition (Yamawo et al 2017). Plants are not only capable of differentiating between the roots of the same and different genotypes of the same species (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil nutrients, neighbor identities and root separation types on intra‐ and interspecific interaction among three clonal plant species

Jaafry

Fan

Liu

et al. 2019

Nordic Journal of Botany

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In natural environments, plants frequently interact with both heterospecific and conspecific neighbors. The intensity of belowground plant interaction with neighboring species commonly varies with the availability of soil nutrients in the habitats. According to classical ecological theory, competition between conspecific neighbors may be more severe than competition between unrelated species due to the similar nutrient requirements of close relatives, especially when nutrients are scarce in the habitat. However, many recent studies have shown the opposite pattern, and suggested an alternative mechanism based on species recognition. Taking Zoysia sinica as the focal species, we conducted a controlled experiment to test the results of intraspecific and interspecific interactions among three clonal species Zoysia sinica, Zoysia japonica and Alternanthera philoxeroides, which represent a conspecific, a close relative and a distant relative of the focal species, respectively, and at different root treatments (no separation NS, clone separation CS and ramet separation RS) and two nutrient levels. The results showed that Z. sinica recognized conspecific plants in the NS and CS treatments, and did not show above or belowground competition with these. The performance of the focal plant (Z. sinica) was better when it was grown with a conspecific neighbor as compared to all other types of neighbors. In all root separation treatments, the competition was more intense when Z. sinica grew with a close relative (Z. japonica) than when growing with a distant relative (A. philoxeroides). Generally, competition between plants was more intense at the high nutrient level than at the low nutrient level, suggesting that both soil nutrients and a species recognition mechanism play a significant role for the intra‐ and interspecific interaction and fitness of these three neighboring clonal species.

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Experimental evidence for benefit of self discrimination in roots of a clonal plant

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Genotype‐aggregated planting improves yield in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) due to self/non‐self‐discrimination

Genotype‐aggregated planting improves yield in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) due to self/non‐self‐discrimination

Pennisetum Hydridum’s Potential for Controlling Invasive Chromolaena Odorata

Effect of soil nutrients, neighbor identities and root separation types on intra‐ and interspecific interaction among three clonal plant species

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