Experimental evaluation of using various renewable energy sources for heating a greenhouse

Esen, Mehmet; YÜKSEL, Tahsin

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.06.018

Cited by 806 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The potential mitigation is also sensitive to the energy supplied to the GHP, and the energy being mitigated [21]. Industrial use of GHPs is being investigated and has been shown to be viable, for example in greenhouses [22]. This proves interesting in the context of Iceland, as a large portion of domestic vegetable production takes place in greenhouses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat pumps in subarctic areas: current status and benefits of use in Iceland

Atlason

Oddsson

Unnþórsson

2017

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Heat pumps use the temperature difference between inside and outside areas to modify a refrigerant, either for heating or cooling. Doing so can lower the need for external heating energy for a household to some extent. The eventual impact depends on various factors, such as the external source for heating or cooling and the temperature difference. The use of heat pumps, and eventual benefits has not been studied in the context of subarctic areas, such as in Iceland. In Iceland, only remote areas do not have access to district heating from geothermal energy where households may, therefore, benefit from using heat pumps. It is the intent of this study to explore the observed benefits of using heat pumps in Iceland, both financially and energetically. This study further elaborates on incentives provided by the Icelandic government. Real data were gathered from the Icelandic energy authority for the analysis. It was found for the study database of 128 households that the annual electricity use was reduced from 37.8 to 26.7 kWh (an average 29.3% reduction) after installation of heat pumps. Large pumps (9.0-14.4 kW) and small pumps (5.0-9.0 kW) saved an average of 31.4 and 26.0% (95% confidence intervals), respectively. On average, households used approximately 26 MWh after installing a heat pump. When installing a small pump (5-9 kW), the mean annual saving (and 95% confidence intervals) was 10.6 (AE2.7) MWh (approximately 26%). However, when installing a larger pump, mean annual savings were 11.3 (AE1.6) MWh (Approximately 31%).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat pumps in subarctic areas: current status and benefits of use in Iceland

Atlason

Oddsson

Unnþórsson

2017

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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“…The building will be able to generate power to meet its own demand and trade-off to the grid. Various hybrid DREs systems are extensively explained in [21], [22], [23], [24], [25] and [26]. However, most of the success achieved is in the areas of optimal life cycle costing and system sizing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal energy control of grid tied PV–diesel–battery hybrid system powering heat pump water heater

Sichilalu

Xia

2015

Solar Energy

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This paper develops an optimal control strategy for power dispatch of the grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) -battery-diesel system to power heat pump water heaters (HPWH). The system consists of the PV modules, grid, battery, HPWH, diesel generator (DG) and other domestic appliances. The PV can simultaneously feed in the excess power to the grid and supply the loads. The battery is used as storage of cheaper-to-buy off-peak grid energy, dependent on the time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariff, whilst the DG is a backup power source to the HPWH. The objective function of the model is to minimize energy and fuel cost while maximizing PV energy trade-off for incentives. The TOU is an important control parameter in this model. The power flows from each power source are the control variables. The optimal control shows a great potential to realize a practical net zero-energy building and demand side management. This model meets both the technical and operational constraints. A case study is done based on a 3x16kW HPWH installed at a Pretoria hotel in South Africa. Simulations run over a year on selected seasonal dates using the actual measured demand of the HPWH. The optimal control problem is solved using a mixed integer non-linear program and the results show how TOU affects the power dispatch to the HPWH. The energy and cost savings are presented in this paper.

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“…Specific technologies related to flexibilities include privately owned grid connected batteries such as electric vehicles [2] or larger grid operator owned storage used to improve overall economic exploitation of the feeder. Demand side management optimization in smart grids and efficient smart grid technologies have been thouroughly explored for a variety of use cases [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. Infrastructure upgrades are easily quantified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm

2018

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. Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm. Applied Energy, Elsevier, 2018Elsevier, , 219, pp.385-393. <10.1016Elsevier, /j.apenergy.2017 .008>. Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm Etta Grover-Silva 1,2 , Robin Girard 1 , George Kariniotakis 1 AbstractThe high variability and uncertainty introduced into modern electrical distribution systems due to decentralized renewable energy generators requires new solutions for grid management and power quality assurance. One of these possible solutions includes grid integrated energy storage. The appropriate size and placement of decentralized storage is highly dependent on purpose of the battery system and expected operational strategy. However, battery operational strategies are difficult to simulate simultaneously during a sizing and placement planning calculation. The motivation of this paper is to propose an algorithm that is capable of integrating sizing, placement and operational strategies of batteries into an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) distribution grid planning tool. The choice of the OPF approach permits to account for grid constraints which is more adapted for grid-connected storage devices compared to other approaches in the state of the art that are based only on an email balance analysis. This paper presents an alternating current (AC) multi-temporal OPF algorithm that uses a convex relaxation of the power flow equations to guarantee exact and optimal solutions with high algorithmic performance. The algorithm is unique and innovative due to the fact that it combines the simultaneous optimization of placement and sizing of storage devices taking into account load curves, photovoltaic (PV) production profiles, and distribution grid power quality constraints. The choice to invest in battery capacity is highly sensitive to the price of battery systems. The investment in battery systems solely for reducing losses an operational costs was proven not to be cost effective, however when battery systems are allowed to buy and sell electricity based on variable market prices they become cost effective. The assumptions used for this study shows that current battery system prices are too high to be cost effective even when allowing battery system market participation.Keywords: Optimal power flow, storage, smart grids, renewable energy, distribution grid planning Nomenclature Parameters η st Charging and discharging efficiency of the battery system P pv,j,t Ideal PV production for node j at time step t S pv,j,t PV maximum apparent power flow at node j V j Voltage maximum at node n V j Voltage minimum at node n c inv stInvestment costs of the battery system for the nominal capacity in e/MWh-day Operations and maintenance costs of using the battery system for the power use in e/MWh-day c e,tPrice of electricity at time step t I max Total capital cost limit of project P ld,j,t Active power load at n...

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Experimental evaluation of using various renewable energy sources for heating a greenhouse

Cited by 806 publications

References 53 publications

Heat pumps in subarctic areas: current status and benefits of use in Iceland

Heat pumps in subarctic areas: current status and benefits of use in Iceland

Optimal energy control of grid tied PV–diesel–battery hybrid system powering heat pump water heater

Optimal sizing and placement of distribution grid connected battery systems through an SOCP optimal power flow algorithm

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