Experimental evaluation of the interphase region in carbon fibre composites with plasma polymerised coatings

Kettle, A. P.; Jones, Frank R.; Alexander, Morgan R.; Short, Robert D.; Stollenwerk, Manfred; Zabold, Jochen; Michaeli, Walter; Wu, Wenwen; Jacobs, E; Verpoest, Ignace

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(97)00088-2

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Another approach has been plasma polymerization, where the CFs are coated with a thin plasma polymer similar to the sizing process. However, most treatments have used continuous wave plasma polymerization on CFs, which makes it difficult to retain the functionality of the monomer . This could compromise chemical bonding to a polymer matrix and hence degrade the properties of the resulting composite material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coating and Functionalization of Carbon Fibres Using a Three‐Step Plasma Treatment

Chen

Dai

Lamb

et al. 2013

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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A three-step plasma treatment-activation, functionalization and polymerization-has been used to deposit a thin plasma polymer with amine groups on carbon fibres (CFs). This plasma polymer has strong adhesion to the CF surface and the amine groups enable strong bonding to a matrix. The CFs were first treated by Ar plasma to activate and clean the surface, followed by O 2 plasma to incorporate oxygen-containing functional groups, and finally a heptylamine thin film was deposited using combined continuous wave and pulsed plasma polymerization. Strong adhesion between the plasma polymer and the CF was observed. The fibre strength was not affected by the treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coating and Functionalization of Carbon Fibres Using a Three‐Step Plasma Treatment

Chen

Dai

Lamb

et al. 2013

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) was prepared with a slightly lower modulus in the range of 40-145 GPa [14] using a CH 4 precursor and likewise with a modulus in the range of 41-142 GPa [16] using a C 2 H 2 precursor. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxycarbide (a-SiOC:H) was deposited from SiC 4 H 12 as a stiff material (with a modulus in the range of 130-160 GPa [17]) or soft material (with a modulus in the range of 2-11 GPa) using SiO 3 C 8 H 18 (VTES) [3], or from a monomer mixture with oxygen gases Si 2 OC 6 H 18 /O 2 [18] and (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Polymer Film as a Model Interlayer for Polymer Composites

Čech

2006

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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In this paper, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process that is useful for the preparation of thin and ultrathin films of controlled mechanical properties is identified. Plasma-polymerized films of vinyltriethoxysilane were deposited on planar substrates and analyzed using nanoindentation measurements of the Young's modulus of the films, adhesion bonding at the film/glass interface, chemical composition, and structure. The modulus of the plasma polymer film can be controlled simply by the effective power fed into the capacitive-coupled low-pressure plasma. The single film was tested as an interlayer in glass fiber (GF)/polyester composites. GF bundles were surface modified by plasma polymer in a unique technological system, enabling continuous processing of the bundle. GF/polyester composites in the form of short beams were manufactured using the coated fibers and tested according to the standard test method. By increasing the interlayer modulus, the short-beam strength was enhanced up to 112% compared with the untreated GFs, and this enhancement was also supported by an improvement in interfacial bonding. Index Terms-Glass fiber (GF), interface/interphase, mechanical properties, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE CVD), thin film.

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“…Less common methods of modification of the carbon fiber surface involve the use of gamma-ray radiation for surface oxidation [41], and the application of coatings by electrochemical polymerization (e.g., polyphenylene oxide (PPO) as a coating) [42][43][44][45], plasma polymerization [43,44,[46][47][48][49], vapor deposition polymerization [50] and other polymerization techniques [51][52][53][54] simple coating technique is solution dipping [43], as in the case of coating with polyurethane [55]. Tough compliant thermoplastic coatings [56], such as polyurethane [55], silicone [57,58] and polyvinyl alcohol [59], are attractive for enhancing the toughness of the composites.…”

Section: Interface Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science of composite materials

Chung

2003

Engineering Materials and Processes

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Composite materials are those containing more than one phase such that the different phases are artificially blended together. They are not multiphase materials in which the different phases are formed naturally by reactions, phase transformations or other phenomena.A composite material typically consists of one or more fillers (fibrous or particulate) in a certain matrix. A carbon fiber composite is one in which at least one of the fJ.llers is composed of carbon fibers, either short or continuous, unidirectional or multidirectional, woven or non-woven. The matrix is usually a polymer, a metal, a carbon, a ceramic or a combination of different materials. Except for sandwich composites, the matrix is three-dimensionally continuous, whereas the fJ.ller can be three-dimensionally discontinuous or continuous. Carbon fiber fJ.llers are usually three-dimensionally discontinuous, unless the fibers are three-dimensionally interconnected by weaving or by the use of a binder such as carbon.The high strength and modulus of carbon fibers make them useful as a reinforcement for polymers, metals, carbons and ceramics, even though they are brittle. Effective reinforcement requires good bonding between the fibers and the matrix, especially for short fibers. For an ideally unidirectional composite (i.e., one containing continuous fibers all in the same direction) containing fibers of much higher modulus than that of the matrix, the longitudinal tensile strength is quite independent of the fiber-matrix bonding, but the transverse tensile strength and the flexural strength (for bending in longitudinal or transverse directions) increase with increasing fiber-matrix bonding. On the other hand, excessive fiber-matrix bonding can cause a composite with a brittle matrix (e.g., carbon and ceramics) to become more brittle, as the strong fiber-matrix bonding causes cracks to propagate in a straight line in a direction perpendicular to the fiber-matrix interface, without being deflected to propagate along this interface. In the case of a composite with a ductile matrix (e.g., metals and polymers), a crack initiating in the brittle fiber tends to be blunted when it reaches the ductile matrix, even when the fiber-matrix bonding is strong. Therefore, an optimum degree of fiber-matrix bonding (i.e., not too strong and not too weak) is needed for brittle-matrix composites, whereas a high degree of fiber-matrix bonding is preferred for ductile-matrix composites.The mechanisms of fiber-matrix bonding include chemical bonding, interdiffusion, van der Waals bonding and mechanical interlocking. Chemical

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Experimental evaluation of the interphase region in carbon fibre composites with plasma polymerised coatings

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Coating and Functionalization of Carbon Fibres Using a Three‐Step Plasma Treatment

Coating and Functionalization of Carbon Fibres Using a Three‐Step Plasma Treatment

Plasma Polymer Film as a Model Interlayer for Polymer Composites

Science of composite materials

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