Experimental evaluation of TDCR models for the 3 PM liquid scintillation counter

Liquid scintillation counting for determination of radionuclides in environmental and nuclear application

“…In the Hidex 300SL LSA, a standard quench curve can be stored with the curve fit option, which can be automatically employed to determine the real counting efficiency based on the TDCR value of the sample. The TDCR efficiency calculation technique has been approved to be suitable for routine analysis of beta-emitting nuclides in samples with different quench levels [30][31][32]. The TDCR based LSC method has been reported in the 1980's [33], since then many laboratories have built their own TDCR system for LSC measurement.…”

“…The TDCR based LSC method has been reported in the 1980's [33], since then many laboratories have built their own TDCR system for LSC measurement. However, these early applications of the TDCR method was exclusively employed in metrological laboratories for radionuclide standardization [31,32,[34][35][36][37]. The first commercial TDCR Lead shield 3 PMTs…”

“…This paper aims present the major progresses in the LSC methodology and new applications of LSC in the determination of radionuclides in different fields, the basic principles and main features of the LSC can be find in many books and papers [29][30][31][32].…”

Silica Spiked with Mixed y-Ray Standards for Use as Environmental Reference Material

“…All ampoules were checked for total activity in ionization chambers and radiochemical impurities were determined by y-ray spectrometry. 241 Am was measured by liquid scintillation (TDCR method [11]). …”

Standardization of Tritium Water by TDCR Method

“…The TDCR LSC utilizes 3 symmetrically arranged photomultiplier tubes (PMT) to get the triple coincidence counts and 3 double coincidence counts. In 1992, the TDCR with its counting efficiency calculated was first reported by LNHB in France [1] and LRS in Poland [2] . Subsequently, more than ten national metrology labs, such as NIST [3] , ANSTO [4] , PTB [5] , have adopted TDCR LSC as the primary standardization for pure β nuclide activity measurement.…”