Experimental evaluation of PCXMC and prepare codes used in conventional radiology

Khelassi-Toutaoui, N.; Berkani, Yasmina; Tsapaki, Virginia; Toutaoui, A.; Merad, A.; Frahi-Amroun, A.; Brahimi, Zakia

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn183

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The latter came from medical diagnostic investigations and not dental. 18,19 The latter illustrates the ability of the software to assess radiation doses accurately enough to be used as a guidance. The PCXMC 2.0 software was used to calculate the equivalent radiation doses for different tissues in the head and neck region and to calculate the total effective radiation dose.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oblique lateral radiographs and bitewings; estimation of organ doses in head and neck region with Monte Carlo calculations

Aps

Scott

2014

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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PCXMC v. 2.0 software (STUK(®), Helsinki, Finland) was used to estimate the equivalent radiation doses and the total effective dose. Three exposure times, five age categories, two focus-to-skin distances and eight horizontal geometric angulations were assumed. The organs involved were the thyroid gland, oesophagus, salivary glands, bone marrow, oral mucosa, skull, cervical spine and skin. A similar calculation was also performed for bitewings taken with a rectangular collimator. Results and conclusion Bitewings taken with rectangular collimation decrease the radiation burden of the patient to 50%, compared with circular collimation. In the oblique lateral radiographs, focus-to-skin distance, patient's age and beam collimation had a significant impact on the equivalent doses measured in this study. Exposure time had a significant impact on the equivalent doses of the salivary glands, oral mucosa, skull and skin. Horizontal angulations had a significant impact on the equivalent doses of the thyroid gland, bone marrow, oral mucosa, skull and cervical spine. The total effective radiation dose was significantly influenced by all parameters investigated in this study.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oblique lateral radiographs and bitewings; estimation of organ doses in head and neck region with Monte Carlo calculations

Aps

Scott

2014

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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“…PCXMC is commercially available special-purpose Monte Carlo code designed to calculate patients’ organ doses and effective doses in diagnostic medical radiographic examinations [4–7]. The Monte Carlo calculations are based on stochastic mathematic simulation of interactions between photons and matter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Dose Assessment for Participants in the National Lung Screening Trial Undergoing Posteroanterior Chest Radiographic Examinations

Kruger

Flynn

Judy

et al. 2013

American Journal of Roentgenology

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OBJECTIVE The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) is a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing low-dose helical CT with chest radiography in the screening of older current and former heavy smokers for early detection of lung cancer. Recruitment was launched in September 2002 and ended in April 2004, when 53,454 participants had been randomized at 33 screening sites. The objective of this study was to determine the effective radiation dose associated with individual chest radiographic screening examinations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 73,733 chest radiographic examinations were performed with 92 chest imaging systems. The entrance skin air kerma (ESAK) of participants’ chest radiographic examinations was estimated and used in this analysis. The effective dose per ESAK for each examination was determined with a Monte Carlo–based program. The examination effective dose was calculated as the product of the examination ESAK and the Monte Carlo estimate of the ratio of effective dose per ESAK. RESULTS This study showed that the mean effective dose assessed from 66,157 posteroanterior chest examinations was 0.052 mSv. Additional findings were a median effective dose of 0.038 mSv, a 95th percentile value of 0.136 mSv, and a fifth percentile value of 0.013 mSv. CONCLUSION The effective dose for participant NLST chest radiographic examinations was determined and is of specific interest in relation to that associated with the previously published NLST low-dose CT examinations conducted during the trial.

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“…PCXMC is based on Monte Carlo simulation and is intended for calculating patients' organ doses and the effective dose in radiologic examinations (15,16). In PCXMC, the exposure techniques, patient height, patient weight, and irradiation geometry were entered, including the DAP value.…”

Section: Effective Dose Measurement and Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Dose in Abdominal Digital Radiography: Patient Factors

Jang

Koo

Yang

et al. 2017

J Korean Soc Radiol

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Experimental evaluation of PCXMC and prepare codes used in conventional radiology

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Oblique lateral radiographs and bitewings; estimation of organ doses in head and neck region with Monte Carlo calculations

Oblique lateral radiographs and bitewings; estimation of organ doses in head and neck region with Monte Carlo calculations

Effective Dose Assessment for Participants in the National Lung Screening Trial Undergoing Posteroanterior Chest Radiographic Examinations

Effective Dose in Abdominal Digital Radiography: Patient Factors

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