Experimental evaluation of gamma rays shielding parameters for Zn-Cd-Sn-Pb quaternary alloy

Kaur, Taranjot; Sharma, Jeewan; Singh, Tejbir

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.11.010

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The radiation, which is the complex energy used in the experiment, was expressed as a single energy, that is, the effective energy, log e was performed on both sides of the attenuation coefficient law (I = I 0 e −µx ), where x is the attenuation thickness, and the slope of the graph of y = −ax is used to measure the half-value layer. In addition, after obtaining the linear absorption coefficient, µ, from this slope, the half-value layer was calculated as 0.693/µ [29]. For the effective energy calculation, Hubbell's mass absorption coefficient table was used to calculate the effective energy corresponding to the calculated half-value layer [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Technology for Development and Performance Improvement of Medical Radiation Shield Made of Eco-Friendly Oyster Shell Powder

Kim

2022

Applied Sciences

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As radiation-based techniques become increasingly important tools for medical diagnostics, medical professionals face increasing risk from the long-term effects of scattered radiation exposure. Although existing radiation-shielding products used in medicine are traditionally lead-based, recently, the development of more eco-friendly materials such as tungsten, bismuth, and barium sulfate has drawn attention. However, lead continues to be superior to the proposed alternative materials in terms of shielding efficiency and cost effectiveness. This study explores the feasibility of radiation shielding materials based on the shells of bivalve mollusks such as oysters that are discarded from aquaculture, thereby preventing them from going into landfills. In addition, a firing process for enhancing the shielding efficiency of the original material is proposed. Experiments show that shielding sheets comprising 0.3 mm thick layers of oyster shell achieve a shielding efficiency of 37.32% for the low-energy X-rays typically encountered in medical institutions. In addition, the shielding efficiency was improved by increasing the density of the powdered oyster shell via plastic working at 1200 °C. This raises the possibility of developing multi-material radiation shields and highlights a new potential avenue for recycling aquaculture waste.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Technology for Development and Performance Improvement of Medical Radiation Shield Made of Eco-Friendly Oyster Shell Powder

Kim

2022

Applied Sciences

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“…The medical radiation used in this experiment was converted into an effective energy, which is a single energy. Therefore, to measure the half-value layer (HVL), the slope was calculated from the attenuation coefficient law ( ), and the linear attenuation coefficient was obtained from this slope, which was subsequently calculated from the HVL as 0.693/μ 30 . In addition, Hubbell’s mass attenuation coefficient table was used to calculate the effective energy that has the same value as the HVL corresponding to the single energy of the HVL obtained above 31 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of ultra-thin radiation-shielding paper through nanofiber modeling of morpho butterfly wing structure

Kim

Byun

2022

Sci Rep

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In medical institutions, radiation shielding is an effective strategy to protect medical personnel and patients from exposure. Reducing the weight of the shield worn by medical personnel in the radiation generating area plays a key role in improving their productivity and mobility. In this study, a new lightweight radiation shield was developed by electrospinning a polymer-tungsten composite material to produce nanofibers with a multi-layered thin-film structure similar to that of a morpho butterfly wing. The fabricated shield was in the form of 0.1 mm thick flexible shielding paper. The multi-layer structure of the thin shielding paper was obtained through nanofiber pattern formation via electrospinning a dispersion of tungsten particles. At 0.1 mm thickness, the paper’s shielding rate was 64.88% at 60 keV. Furthermore, at 0.3 mm thick and arranged in a laminated structure, the shielding rate was 90.10% and the lead equivalent was 0.296 mmPb. When used as an apron material, the weight can be reduced by 45% compared to existing lead products. In addition, the material is highly processable and can be used to manufacture various flexible products, such as hats, gloves, underwear, and scarves used in medical institutions.

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“…The gamma ray interaction processes can be the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production, which are processes that depend mainly on the atomic number of shielding material. The photoelectric interaction depends on the atomic number as Z [4][5] . Compton scattering is varying linearly with Z, while the pair production is proportional to Z 2 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kaur et al prepared quaternary alloys of Pb 60 Sn 20 Zn x Cd 20−x (where x=0, 5,10,15) to be used as gamma ray shielding material. The value of m r / for the prepared alloys has been determined experimentally at photon energies of 511 and 662 keV, and the radiation shielding parameters were deduced from m r / values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of m r / for the prepared alloys has been determined experimentally at photon energies of 511 and 662 keV, and the radiation shielding parameters were deduced from m r / values. The results indicate that the constituent elements of the prepared alloys affect the EBF values [5,6]. Sharma et al synthesized different compositions of Pb-Sn, Pb-Zn, and Zn-Sn binary alloys as gamma ray shielding materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutron/gamma radiation shielding characteristics and physical properties of (97.3−x)Pb−xCd–2.7Ag alloys for nuclear radiation applications

2021

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In this work, the shielding performance of (97.3–x)Pb–xCd–2.7Ag (x = 10, 18, and 30) ternary alloys against neutrons and gamma rays has been investigated. The microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the ternary alloys were examined. The total mass attenuation coefficients, μ / ρ , for prepared alloys were determined at 662, 1173, and 1332 keV photon energies using NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. The theoretical values of μ / ρ were calculated using WinXCom program depending on the mixture rule. The estimated values were compared with the measured values for all investigated alloys. Atomic cross-section, σ a, electronic cross-section, σ e, effective atomic number, Z eff , effective electron number, N eff , and GP fitting parameters (b, c, a, Xk, and d) were determined. The exposure buildup factor, EBF, have been also calculated. Fast neutron attenuation for the prepared samples have been investigated via the macroscopic effective removal cross-section ( ∑ R ) calculation. Also, thermal neutron attenuation has been evaluated via neutron scattering calculator. The results show that the alloys containing 10 and 30% Cd compromise between superior tensile strength and Young modulus, while the pasty range, heat of fusion and ductility decreased with increasing Cd content. Moreover, the prepared ternary alloys have a high attenuation ability for gamma rays as the standard Pb. The increase of Cd ratio also significantly enhances the thermal neutron attenuation by amazing way along with the increase in the attenuation rate of fast neutrons.

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Experimental evaluation of gamma rays shielding parameters for Zn-Cd-Sn-Pb quaternary alloy

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Process Technology for Development and Performance Improvement of Medical Radiation Shield Made of Eco-Friendly Oyster Shell Powder

Process Technology for Development and Performance Improvement of Medical Radiation Shield Made of Eco-Friendly Oyster Shell Powder

Development of ultra-thin radiation-shielding paper through nanofiber modeling of morpho butterfly wing structure

Neutron/gamma radiation shielding characteristics and physical properties of (97.3−x)Pb−xCd–2.7Ag alloys for nuclear radiation applications

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