Experimental Evaluation of Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate for Destruction of BTEX Contaminants

Crimi, Michelle; Taylor, Jesse

doi:10.1080/15320380601077792

Cited by 129 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This phenomena of the condition, where total iron was dissolved and a low concentration of Fe 2? was present with iron activated PS, is similar to those studies using complexing agents such as citric acid (Liang et al 2004b;Liang et al 2008a;Crimi and Taylor 2007) and cyclodextrin (Liang et al 2008a;Liang et al 2007) in maintaining available Fe 2? in solution to activate PS.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Various Persulfate Activation Processessupporting

confidence: 64%

A study of the applicability of various activated persulfate processes for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Liang

Guo

Pan

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper reports an investigation of different persulfate (PS) activations, including PS at 20°C (PS), thermally activated PS at 70°C (T-PS), ferrous-ion activated PS at 20°C [Fe(II)-PS)], hydrogen peroxide activated PS at 20°C, and sodium hydroxide activated PS at 20°C, for degradation of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in aqueous phase. Several findings were made in this study including the followings: the 2,4-D degradation rates in T-PS and Fe(II)-PS systems were higher than other systems. However, complete degradation of 2,4-D and associated derivatives can be reached in all oxidation systems, with various reaction times. When considering the results of PS consumption during the 48 h reaction time to reach complete 2,4-D degradation, the T-PS system consumed all of the PS while only 10 % of the PS was consumed in the Fe(II)-PS system.

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Section: Evaluation Of Various Persulfate Activation Processessupporting

confidence: 64%

A study of the applicability of various activated persulfate processes for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Liang

Guo

Pan

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A number of review articles provide insight into the chemistry and proper application of oxidation regimens (Gates and Siegrist 1995;Kubal et al 2008;Rivas 2006;Seol et al 2003;Tsai et al 2008;Watts and Teel 2005). ISCO has been successfully used to oxidize and thus lower the concentration of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons (total petroleum hydrocarbons, TPH, Crimi and Taylor 2007;Gates and Siegrist 1995;Huang et al 2005;Jung et al 2005;Lee and Kim 2002), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH; Lee and Hosomi 2001;Masten and Davies 1997;Nam et al 2001;Watts et al 2002), and chlorinated hydrocarbons (Huang et al 1999(Huang et al , 2005Hunkeler et al 2003;Northup and Cassidy 2008;Ormad et al 1994;Schnarr et al 1998;Siegrist et al 1999;Vella and Veronda 1993;Watts et al 1990). ISCO is a versatile remediation strategy, providing rapid and extensive removal of both light and dense recalcitrant compounds in pure phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efforts to improve coupled in situ chemical oxidation with bioremediation: a review of optimization strategies

et al. 2010

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Purpose In order to provide highly effective yet relatively inexpensive strategies for the remediation of recalcitrant organic contaminants, research has focused on in situ treatment technologies. Recent investigation has shown that coupling two common treatments-in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and in situ bioremediation-is not only feasible but in many cases provides more efficient and extensive cleanup of contaminated subsurfaces. However, the combination of aggressive chemical oxidants with delicate microbial activity requires a thorough understanding of the impact of each step on soil geochemistry, biota, and contaminant dynamics. In an attempt to optimize coupled chemical and biological remediation, investigations have focused on elucidating parameters that are necessary to successful treatment. In the case of ISCO, the impacts of chemical oxidant type and quantity on bacterial populations and contaminant biodegradability have been considered. Similarly, biostimulation, that is, the adjustment of redox conditions and amendment with electron donors, acceptors, and nutrients, and bioaugmentation have been used to expedite the regeneration of biodegradation following oxidation. The purpose of this review is to integrate recent results on coupled ISCO and bioremediation with the goal of identifying parameters necessary to an optimized biphasic treatment and areas that require additional focus. Conclusions and recommendations Although a biphasic treatment consisting of ISCO and bioremediation is a feasible in situ remediation technology, a thorough understanding of the impact of chemical oxidation on subsequent microbial activity is required. Such an understanding is essential as coupled chemical and biological remediation technologies are further optimized.

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“…The activation of persulfate with Fe(II) is well understood (Kolthoff et al, 1951;Anipsitakis and Dionysiou, 2004;Liang et al, 2004a, b;Crimi and Taylor, 2007). The mechanism is believed to involve a one-electron transfer reaction in which the iron provides the electron to complete the reaction shown in Equation 4.2, yielding the reaction in Equation 4.5 as a result (Kolthoff et al, 1951).…”

Section: Activation With Dissolved Iron and Other Transition Metalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This may be accomplished by either acidification of a solution (or aquifer) to around pH 3, where Fe(III) becomes soluble, or by the use of organic-iron ligand complexes (or chelates) to maintain iron in solution at neutral pH. The latter approach has been widely employed as a method to enable iron activation at neutral pH (Cho et al, 2002;Block et al, 2004;Jazdanian et al, 2004;Liang et al, 2004b;Nadim et al, 2005;Dahmani et al, 2006;Tsitonaki et al, 2006;Crimi and Taylor, 2007). Block et al (2004) noted that in a system where the pH was forced to remain neutral (buffered), the chelated-iron system performed much better than an equivalent non-chelated iron system.…”

Section: Activation With Chelated Metalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There are a number of activation methods available for persulfate. Each activation method can involve differing reaction mechanisms (Block et al, 2004;Crimi and Taylor, 2007); thus the activation method selected must be matched to the contaminants of concern (COCs) to be treated and the subsurface environment (Block et al, 2004). The chemistry of persulfate may involve a wide variety of free radicals that undergo propagation reactions, including some of the same radicals of importance in hydrogen peroxide chemistry.…”

Section: Oxidation Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamentals of ISCO Using Persulfate

Petri

Watts

Tsitonaki³

et al. 2010

SERDP/ESTCP Environmental Remediation Technology

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ScopeChemistry and use of persulfate for in situ chemical oxidation of subsurface contaminants, including free radical and other reaction mechanisms, catalysts, subsurface transport, and contaminant treatability. Key ConceptsPersulfate reaction chemistry is complex. Persulfate can react through direct electron transfer or free radical reactions. Electron transfer reactions are relatively slow and selective. Upon activation, the free radicals generated have nonspecific reactivity that allows for the degradation of a wide range of organic contaminants. The radicals that are presently understood to play a major role in reactions are the sulfate radical and the hydroxyl radical. However, there is emerging evidence that the superoxide anion and the perhydroxyl radical also may be important. Persulfate activation may be achieved by heat, chelated or non-chelated transition metals (especially iron), hydrogen peroxide, and alkaline pH conditions. The efficiency, effectiveness, and reaction products may vary between contaminants, activation methods, and the porous media to be treated. Carbonate, bicarbonate, or chloride ions can act as free radical scavengers and reduce reaction efficiency and effectiveness. The kinetics of reaction between persulfate and target compounds is complex. To simplify, pseudo first-order kinetics are often assumed. However, these usually require laboratory estimation because extrapolating between systems is difficult. The interaction of aquifer solids and persulfate is not well understood; persulfate does react with aquifer solids resulting in oxidant consumption, but the rate and magnitude of this process are not well characterized. Persistence varies from days to months, depending on conditions. The impact of persulfate on metal mobility is not well understood. Conceivably, persulfate could impact metal concentrations in groundwater through modification of pH, oxidation of metals, injection of activation amendments, and other mechanisms.

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Experimental Evaluation of Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate for Destruction of BTEX Contaminants

Cited by 129 publications

References 15 publications

A study of the applicability of various activated persulfate processes for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

A study of the applicability of various activated persulfate processes for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Efforts to improve coupled in situ chemical oxidation with bioremediation: a review of optimization strategies

Fundamentals of ISCO Using Persulfate

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