Experimental evaluation of buildings damaged in recent earthquakes in Turkey

A new approach on the strengthening of primary school buildings in Turkey: An application of external shear wall

“…In Turkey, which has a very young population, primary school buildings constitute a large portion of the public buildings. The damage that occurred to the primary school buildings in the Marmara earthquake of August 17, 1999, Duzce earthquake of November 12, 1999, and Bingo¨l earthquake of May 1, 2003 [1][2][3] made it clear that these buildings, which are built mostly of reinforced concrete, need to be examined and strengthened rapidly and effectively if necessary.…”

Experimental evaluation of concrete strength in existing buildings

“…8 MPa. 21 It should be noted that the current Turkish Earthquake Code requires a minimum concrete strength of 20 MPa in earthquake zone 1 (as in Bingol, Duzce, Erzincan and Kocaeli). 22 In spite of observations based on different earthquakes and various buildings in different regions of Turkey, it can be seen that the concrete strength values of damaged or collapsed buildings are similarly low or insufficient.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Moreover, the concrete quality evaluations were conducted on collapsed or heavily damaged buildings following the devastating earthquakes.…”

Corrosion failure in concrete reinforcement to damage during seismic

“…9. Corrosion failure of a building in Istanbul-Avcilar [9] During Bingol earthquake (May 1 st , 2003), which have a moment magnitude of Mw=6.7, 177 people died and 520 people were injured and 82 of the building is completely destroyed, and also 1602 buildings, 4919 residences and 599 businesses severely failure. After the investigations after the earthquake, it is decided that common problem in these structures is using low quality concrete and aggregate which are not proper according to the codes [10].…”