In this paper, in order to reveal the discharge mechanism and optimize the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission lines in intensity of a low-pressure microwave (MW)-induced neon discharge, the EUV neon spectra is carefully characterized under varied MW powers and neon pressures. The corona balance is verified to be valid for the neon upper levels of the measured EUV lines, and the electron temperature Te is derived by the modified Boltzmann plot method and the line-ratio method. Both results of the methods present a decreasing trend of Te with growing neon pressure, but the values in a range of 1.87-5.77 eV deduced by the former method is in general lower than that calculated by the latter with a range of 2.23-5.58 eV in similar neon pressure range. It is also found that the increase of MW power from 90 to 135 W only leads to a slight increasing of Te. A global model is applied to estimate the electron density ne, which is found to lie in the order of magnitude of 10^10 cm^-3. The dependence of the plasma parameters on different discharge conditions is analysed in detail, which in turn provide a favourable basis for further optimization of the promising low-pressure MW-induced discharge radiation source.