Experimental determination of the micro-scale strength and stress-strain relation of an epoxy resin

Zīke, Sanita; Sørensen, Bent F.; Mikkelsen, Lars Pilgaard

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.102

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The local critical strain (in a finite element) was estimated using inverse modelling, to fit the local strain (taking into account the stress localization) to the experimentally observed global failure strain (4.6%, for PMMA). The estimated value (local critical strain ε = 0.18) corresponds to the data observed in [28]. If the damage criterion reaches the critical value, the Young's modulus of the element is reduced by 1000 times.…”

Section: Damage Modellingsupporting

confidence: 68%

Nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites: Computational analysis of structure-mechanical properties relationships

Mishnaevsky

Gaduan

Lee

et al. 2019

Composite Structures

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Structure-mechanical properties relationships of nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites are studied in computational experiments. A code for the automatic generation of 3D unit cell finite element models of nanocellulose reinforced polymers with "snake"-shaped nanocellulose fibrils is developed. The code allows the generation of pre-defined nanocomposites structures, with varied angles between nanocellulose snakes segments and hydrogen bonds between nanocellulose fibrils.In a series of computational studies, it is demonstrated that the nanocellulose reinforcement leads to higher stiffness of the matrix polymer, but makes it more brittle.

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Section: Damage Modellingsupporting

confidence: 68%

Nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites: Computational analysis of structure-mechanical properties relationships

Mishnaevsky

Gaduan

Lee

et al. 2019

Composite Structures

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“…Most polymer materials are ductile and show a nonlinear relationship between stress and strain. The power exponential constitutive model, as shown in Figure 5, has significant advantages in describing the nonlinear behavior of materials from plastic deformation to failure [37]. When the Tresca and von Mises yield criterion are used in material plasticity analysis, many studies have confirmed that the initial yield and post-yielding occur between those two theories' predictions [28,31].…”

Section: Stress-strain Relationship Of Pvcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most polymer materials are ductile and show a nonlinear relationship between stress and strain. The power exponential constitutive model, as shown in Figure 5, has significant advantages in describing the nonlinear behavior of materials from plastic deformation to failure [37]. Therefore, the power law curve is applied to characterize the stress-st ship of PVC material as follows:…”

Section: Stress-strain Relationship Of Pvcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When determining the failure pressure of a pipeline according to the pressure-strain curve, there are usually the following three criteria: the twice elastic slope (TES) criterion, the zero slope (ZS) criterion and the tangent intersection (TI) criterion. The twice elastic slope (TES) criterion is a practical criterion, which is specified in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Div 2 [37]. As a graphical method, the burst pressure was obtained through plotting a straight line from the origin with twice the slope of the initial elastic response, that is, tan φ = 2 tanθ.…”

Section: Definition Of Burst Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Burst Pressure of PVC Pipe Using Average Shear Stress Yield Criterion: Experimental and Numerical Studies

Yang

2021

Applied Sciences

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes have been extensively applied in water supply network fields. Understanding the mechanical properties and burst pressure of PVC pipes is necessary because a large number of pipes rupture due to excessive internal water pressure. In this paper, a practical approach based on the average shear stress yield (ASSY) criterion was proposed to assess the PVC pipe burst pressure. In addition, the PVC uniaxial tensile tests and the pipe burst tests were carried out to determine the material characteristic parameters and burst pressure of the PVC pipe. Furthermore, a finite element analysis (FEA) of PVC burst pressure was also performed based on the tangent intersection (TI) method to validate the proposed method and experimental results. Moreover, the impact of material parameters and pipe size, such as the strain hardening exponent and standard dimension ratio (SDR) on bursting pressure, were investigated. The comparison with the proposed theoretical model and the experimental and FEA results shows that the burst pressure derived from ASSY was consistent with the experimental data, with a relative error ranging from −2.76% to 2.65%, which is more accurate compared to other yield criteria. The burst pressure obtained by the ASSY approach declined with the increase of the hardening exponent n and increased with the increase of SDR. Therefore, the burst pressure solution-based ASSY proposed in this paper is an adequately suitable and precise predictive tool for assessing the failure pressure of PVC pipes.

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“…Nevertheless, the characterization of matrix materials such as epoxy resins is typically performed at the bulk scale, using the prescribed standardized test methods such as ASTM D638 [16] or ISO 527 [17]. The research into microscale (epoxy) matrix properties remains limited [3][4][5]7,18,19] although these microscale matrix properties are likely more appropriate to represent the behavior of the matrix material confined between reinforcing fibers in actual composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Observations of Microscale Ductility in a Quasi-Brittle Bulk Scale Epoxy

et al. 2020

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Fiber reinforced composite materials are typically comprised of two phases, i.e., the reinforcing fibers and a surrounding matrix. At a high volume fraction of reinforcing fibers, the matrix is confined to a microscale region in between the fibers (1–200 µm). Although these regions are interconnected, their behavior is likely dominated by their micro-scale. Nevertheless, the characterization of the matrix material (without reinforcing fibers) is usually performed on macroscopic bulk specimens and little is known about the micro-mechanical behavior of polymer matrix materials. Here, we show that the microscale behavior of an epoxy resin typically used in composite production is clearly different from its macroscale behavior. Microscale polymer specimens were produced by drawing microfibers from vitrifying epoxy resin. After curing, tensile tests were performed on a large set of pure epoxy microfiber specimens with diameters ranging from 30 to 400 µm. An extreme ductility was observed for microscale epoxy specimens, while bulk scale epoxy specimens showed brittle behavior. The microsized epoxy specimens had a plastic deformation behavior resulting in a substantially higher ultimate tensile strength (up to 380 MPa) and strain at break (up to 130 %) compared to their bulk counterpart (68 MPa and 8%). Polarized light microscopy confirmed a rearrangement of the internal epoxy network structure during loading, resulting in the plastic deformation of the microscale epoxy. This was further accompanied by in-situ electron microscopy to further determine the deformation behavior of the micro-specimens during tensile loading and make accurate strain measurements using video-extensometry. This work thus provides novel insights on the epoxy material behavior at the confined microscale as present in fiber reinforced composite materials.

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Experimental determination of the micro-scale strength and stress-strain relation of an epoxy resin

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites: Computational analysis of structure-mechanical properties relationships

Nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites: Computational analysis of structure-mechanical properties relationships

Estimation of Burst Pressure of PVC Pipe Using Average Shear Stress Yield Criterion: Experimental and Numerical Studies

In-Situ Observations of Microscale Ductility in a Quasi-Brittle Bulk Scale Epoxy

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