Experimental determination of laser induced breakdown thresholds of metals under nanosecond Q-switched laser operation

Cabalı́n, L.M.; Laserna, J.J.

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(98)00107-4

Cited by 280 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition, a UV laser beam generally can be focused to lower spot diameters on the sample surface. 80,82 That is why UV lasers are more used when a higher spatial resolution is required, as in microanalysis for surface mapping. 83 In spite of these differences, Cabalín et al 82 reported similar analytical figures of merit (analytical curves, correlation coefficients, linear dynamic ranges, analytical precision and accuracy) when comparing the use of UV and visible laser radiation for the quantitative analysis of 4 minor elements in stainless steel samples when internal standardization (using a Fe line) was employed.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

341

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

341

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the experimental setup. Threshold fluence for Zr was calculated by using following relation [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Modifications of KrF Excimer Laser-Ablated Zirconium Correlated to the Surface and Mechanical Properties

Ali¹,

Umm-i-Kalsoom²,

Bashir³

et al. 2017

Laser Ablation - From Fundamentals to Applications

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The structural modifications of KrF excimer laser-ablated zirconium (Zr) have been investigated in correlation with its surface and mechanical properties after ablation in deionized water and ethanol. KrF excimer laser of pulse duration of 20 ns, wavelength of 248 nm, and repetition rate of 20 Hz has been utilized for this purpose. Irradiation of Zr was carried out for varying number of laser pulses ranging from 500 to 2000 for laser fluence value of 3.6 J/cm 2 . The structural and chemical analyses were performed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Vickers hardness tester were utilized for the analysis of surface morphology and hardness of laser-irradiated Zr targets. Presence of surrounding liquids played substantial role in structural, chemical, and mechanical modifications of Zr targets after irradiation. Pressure gradients and convective bubble motion owing to the confinement effects of the surrounding liquids, several thermal and chemical phenomena produced by heating through laser at the solid-liquid interface results in the generation of various hydrides and oxides of Zr, which are responsible for the development of various surface features and increase in hardness of irradiated Zr.

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“…This value of 1.1 J cm À2 is comparable to the value of 1.3 J cm À2 for the ablation threshold reported in ref. 32 for a wavelength of 532 nm and a similar pulse duration. Still in the absence of the ablation pulse, it is interesting to note that, when the excitation fluence remains weak (typically between 1.1 and 2.0 J cm À2 ), the SNR is notably higher when the excitation is on resonance.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 This discrepancy comes from the fact that a higher fluence is required to generate plasma that emits a detectable amount of radiation. The SNR increases rapidly with the ablation fluence, as a consequence of the rise in the amount of ablated matter and of the plasma temperature, and then saturates near 20 J cm À2 .…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of resonance-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for analysis of aluminium alloys

Goueguel

Laville

Vidal

et al. 2010

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Resonance-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (RELIBS) was investigated with the aim to improve the limit of detection of trace elements in the context of elemental analysis of aluminium alloys. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulse (7 ns, 1064 nm) was used for ablation of the samples and was followed, after a suitable delay, by an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) laser pulse (7 ns), tuned at 396.15 nm, to resonantly excite the aluminium host atoms. In particular, the Mg I 285.21 nm and Si I 288.16 nm lines were observed in the acquisition spectral window. We investigated the influence of the main experimental parameters, namely, the excitation wavelength, the interpulse delay and the ablation and excitation fluences, on the signal-to-noise ratio for the Mg I 285.21 nm line. We found that, at low ablation fluences, typically less than a few J cm À2 , the Mg signal at 285.21 nm achieved using RELIBS was significantly enhanced when compared to LIBS using the same ablation fluence. At fluences higher than 8 J cm À2 , the effect of the excitation pulse became unnoticeable and similar results were observed for both approaches. The optimum conditions were achieved for an interpulse delay of about 30 ns, an ablation fluence of about 3.8 J cm À2 and an excitation fluence of about 1.1 J cm À2 . The corresponding absolute LoDs were 0.7 and 50 fg, for Mg and Si, respectively, using RELIBS. When using LIBS, they were 4 and 128 fg, instead. Finally, the applicability of RELIBS in the context of a minimally destructive elemental analysis is discussed.

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Experimental determination of laser induced breakdown thresholds of metals under nanosecond Q-switched laser operation

Cited by 280 publications

References 27 publications

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Structural Modifications of KrF Excimer Laser-Ablated Zirconium Correlated to the Surface and Mechanical Properties

Investigation of resonance-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for analysis of aluminium alloys

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